## ICSE Class 10 Computer Application Sample Question Paper 4 with Answers

Max Marks: 80
[2 Hours]

General Instructions

• Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
• You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
• This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
• The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers. O This Paper is divided into two Sections.
• Attempt all questions from Section A and any four questions from Section B.
• The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

SECTION – A [40 Marks]
Attempt All Question

Question 1.
(a) What is encapsulation? How does Java achieve encapsulation?
Encapsulation is the wrapping of the data and its associated functions into a single unit. Java achieve encapsulation by enclosing the data and methods in the class.

(b) True or False:
(i) The default case is compulsory in the switch case statement
(ii) The default initial value of a boolean variable data type is false.
(i) False
(ii) false

(c) Define the term byte code.
High level program is compiled by java compiler to put in language called bytecode. This is understood by JVM in executing it.

(d) What is the result code stored in x, after evaluating the following expression:
intx = 5;
x+ =++*2+3*-x;
30

(e) What is function prototype? Write a function prototype of:
A function poschar which takes a string argument and a character argument and returns an integer value.
Function prototype is the declaration of function with its return type and number of arguments and data type of arguments.
int PosChar(String str, char ch);

Question 2.
(a) Show how the sequence {10, 5, 8, 12, 45, 1, 9, 11, 2, 23} changes step by step during the first two passes while arranging in ascending order using the bubble sort technique.
10,5,8,12,45,1,9,11,2,23
5.10.8.12.45.1.9.11.2.23
5.8.10.12.45.1.9.11.2.23

(b) How will you import a scanner package? What is the default delimiter of an instance of the scanner class?
import java.util.*; Default delimiter for scanner class is white space or tab or newline.

(c) Differentiate between Character. isUpperCase( ) and Character, to UpperCase()
Character.IsUpperCaseO checks the uppercase character and returns boolean value.
Character.toUpperCaseO converts lower case character to upper case character and returns upper case character.

(d) Write a Java expression:! = 2π√L/g
doube T = 2*3.14 * Math.sqrt(l/g);

(e) What is fall through? Give example.
Fall through is a way in which all the cases of switch statement will be executed one by one if break is not encountered.
E.g. After case B is executed it executes case C to F.
{
case ‘A’:
System.out.printlnC’Excellent!”);
break;
case ‘B’:
case ‘C’:
System.out.printlnC’Well done”); case ‘D’ :
System.out.println(“You passed”); case ‘F’:
System.out.println(“Better try again”);
break;
default:
}

Question 3.
Write the output of the following print statement:
(a) System.out.print (“IXIXI”,replace(‘X ‘/CJ.indexOfCO.indexOfCC’^));
3

(b) System.out.print(“robotics”.substring(!3).concat(“subject”.substring(3)));
object

(c) System.out.printC’FUN WORLD”.startsWith(“FUN”)== (“COMPUTER IS FUN”.endsWith(“FUN”)));
true

(d) System.out.print(Math.sqrt(Math.abs(Math.ceil(-25.25))));
5.0

(e) System.out.print(Math.max(Math.pow(Math.round(6.25),2),(Math. pow(Math.rint(1.8),3))));
36

Question 4.
Write the output of the following segment of code:

(a) 65
66
89
90

(b) 100

(c) 12
15
20
27
36

(d) 1615
1817
2019
2221
2423

(e) Hello
Hello

SECTION – B (60 Marks)
Attempt any four questions from this Section

The answers in this Section should consist of the Programs in either Blue J environment or any program environment with Java as the base. Each program should be written using Variable descriptions/Mnemonic Codes such that the logic of the program is clearly depicted.

Flow-Charts and Algorithms are not required.

Question 5.
Given below is hypothetical table showing rates of Income Tax for male citizens below the age of 65 years:

 Taxable Income (TI) in Rs. Income Tax in Rs. Does not exceed 1,60,000 NIL Is greater than 1,60,000 and less than or equal to 5,00,000 10% of the amount exceeding 1,60,000 Is greater than 5,00,000 and less than or equal to 8,00,000 20% of the amount exceeding 5,00,000 + 34000 Is greater than 8,00,000 30% of the amount exceeding 8,00,000 + 94000

Write a program to input the age, gender(male or female) and Taxable Income of the person. If the age is more than 65 years or the gender is female, display “wrong category”. If the age is less than or equal to 65 years and the gender is male, compute and display the Income Tax payable as per the table given above. Also if Income Tax calculated in over Rs.10,000/- then extra surcharge payable is 2% of the income tax.

import java.util.*;
class Incometax
{
public static void main()
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter your gender m or f:");
char ch = sc.next().charAt(0);
if(ch==,f,||ch=='F')
{
System.out.printIn("Wrong Category");
}
else if(ch=='m||ch=-M')
{
int age = sc.nextInt(); if(age>65)
{
System.out.printIn("Wrong Category");
}
else
{
double inc = sc.nextDouble();
double tax;
if(inc<=l 60000) { tax=0; } else if((inc> 160000)&&(inc<=500000)) { tax = (inc—160000)*0.1; 1 else if((inc>500000)&&(inc<=800000)) { tax = (inc-500000)*0.2; tax += 34000; } else { tax = (inc-800000)*0.3; tax += 94000; } if(tax > 10000)
tax+= tax* 0.02;
System.out.printIn("\nIncomeTax is INR "+tax);
}
else
{
System.out.printInC'Invalid Gender");
}
}//end of main
}//end of class

Question 6.
Define a class Customer described as below:
Data members/instance variables:
String card_holder: Name of the card holder, long cardjiolder: card Number
char card_type: type of card (Silver (S) / Gold (G) / Platinum (P)) double amt: purchase made using the card.

Member methods:
(i) Customer!): Default constructor to initialize all the date members
(ii) void input(): To accept the details of the card holder
(iii) void compute( ): To compute the cash back after availing the discount of a specific card type as per the following:

 Card Type Cash Back Silver (S) 2% of purchase amount Gold (G) 5% of purchase amount Platinum (P) 8% of purchase amount

(iv) void display(): To display the details in the format:

Write a main method to create an object of the class and call the above member methods.

import java.util.Scanner;
class Customer
{
String card_holder;
long card_no; charcard_type;
double amt- double cash_back;
public Customer()
{
card_holder="";
card_no =0;
card_type =' ';
amt = 0.0;
}
public void input()
{
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter customer name:");
card_holder = scanner.next();
System.out.printfEnter card number:");
card_no = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("Entertype of the card [S/G/P: ");
card_type = scanner.next().charAt(0);
System.out.print("Enter amount of purchase made using the card:");
amt = scanner.nextDouble();
}
public void compute()
{
if (card_type == ’S')
{
cash _back = amt * 0.02;
}
else if (card_type == 'G')
{
cash_back = amt * 0.05;
}
else if (card_type == 'P')
{
cash_back = amt * 0.08;
}
else
.{
System.out.printf'Invalid card type ");
}
}
public void display!)
{
System.out.printIn("Card Holder. \tCard Number. \t Card type \t Purchase Amount \t Cash back");
System.out.printIn(card_holder + "\t" + card_no + "\t" + card_type + "\t" + amt);
}
public void main()
{
Customer cl = new Customer();
cl.input();
cl.compute();
cl.display();
}

Question 7.
Accept a sentence and print a new sentence with all the odd placed words in uppercase and even placed words in lower case.
Sample input: It is a beautiful world
Sample output: IT is A beautiful WORLD

import java.util.*;
class lol
{
public static void main()
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.printIn("Enter a string:");
String str = sc.nextLine();
String strl = str.toLowerCase();
str1+=" ";
String word =" ";
int count = 0;
for(int i =0; i < strl ,length();i++)
{
char ch = strl .charAt(i);
if(ch!='')
{
word+=ch;
}
else
{
count++; if (count %2 !=0)
{
System.out.print(word.toUpperCase()+"");
}
else
System.out.print(word+"");
word ="";
}
}
}
}

Question 8.
Using switch statement, write a menu driven program to
(i) Accept a number and find a sum of all the even numbers in the number.
Sample input: 24567
Sample output: Sum = 12 (2+4+6)
(ii) Accept a number and print those digits which are divisible by 3
Sample input: 135689
Sample output: Numbers divisible by 3 are 3,6, 9

import java.util.*;
class lol
{
public static void main()
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double sum = 0; int b =0;
System.out.printIn("Enter 1 for even number addition and 2 for printing numbers divisible by 3");
int ch = sc.nextIntO; switch(ch)
{
case '1int a = sc.nextInt();
b=a;
while(b % 10 !=0)
{
int temp = b %10;
if (temp %2 == 0)
sum+=temp; b = b/10;
}
System.out.printIn(sum);
break;
case '2': int k = sc.nextIntO;
b =k;
while(b %10 !=0)
{
int temp = b %10;
if (temp %3 == 0)
System.out.printIn(temp);
b = b/10;
}
break;
default: System.out.printIn("Error");
break;
}
}//end of main
}//end of class

Question 9.
Write a program to accept 50 student names and their school in two separate single dimension arrays. Search for the school name input by the user in the list. If found, display “Search Successful” and print the name of the school along with the student name, or else display the message “Search Unsuccessful.”

import java.util.*;
class lol
{
public static void main()
{
String[ ] student_name = new String[50];
Stringt ] schooLname = new String[50];
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
forfint i = 0; i < 50; i++)
{
System.out.printInC'Enter students name :"); student_name[i] = sc.nextLine();
System.out.printInC'Enter schools name;"); school_name[i] = sc.nextLine();
}
System.out.printInC'Enter schools name you want to search:");
String str = sc.nextLine();
int flag =0;
for(int i =0; i < 50;i++)
{ if(school_name[i].compareTo(str)==0)
{ System.out.printInC'Search successful ");
System,out.printIn(school_name[i]+""+student_name[i]);
flag = 1 ;
break;
}
}
if (flag == 0)
System.out.printIn("Search Unsuccessful");
}
}

Question 10.
Design a class to overload a function pattern() as follows:
(i) void pattern(int n): with one int argument that prints the pattern as follows:
Input value of n = 5

(ii) void pattern (int n, char ch): with one int argument and one character argument to print the pattern as follows:
Input value of n = 5
Input value of ch =’*’ Output:

import java.util.*;
public class Main
{
public void pattern(int n)
{
for(int i = n; i>0; i—)
{
for(intj = i;j<=n;j++)
System.out.print(j+"");
System.out.printIn();
}
}
public void pattern(int n, char ch)
{
for(int i = 1; i<n; i++)
{
for(int j = 1; j<=i*2; j++)
{
jf(j %2 == 0)
System.out.print(ch);
else
System.out.print(T');
}
System.out.printInO;
}
}
public static void main(String[ ] args)
{
System.out.printIn("Enter the value of n");
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int n = sc.nextInt();
System.out.printIn("Enter the character");
char ch = sc.next().charAt(0);
Main ob = new Main();
ob.pattern(n);
ob.pattern(n,ch);
}//end of main
}//end of class
 Variable Data Type Description ch char For storing character m or f age int Age of person inc double Income of person tax double Store tax cash__back double To store the cashback cl Customer Object of class customer str String To store line or sentence count int Store number of words sum double Store the sum of series a,b,k Int Get the number. student_name,school_name String Array to store student name and school name flag int To know name exists or not ij int For looping n int Number of times to be printed ch char Storing character ob Main Object of class Main

## ICSE Class 10 Computer Application Sample Question Paper 3 with Answers

Max Marks: 80
[2 Hours]

General Instructions

• Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
• You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
• This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
• The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers. O This Paper is divided into two Sections.
• Attempt all questions from Section A and any four questions from Section B.
• The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

SECTION – A [40 Marks]
Attempt All Question

Question 1.
(a) What does the default constructor provided by the compiler do?
Default constructor is helpful in creation of objects of the class.
E.g. ABC obj = new ABC();

(b) Name the operators listed below
(i) >=
(ii) –
(iii) !
(iv) ?:
(i) Greater than
(ii) predecrement
(iii) logical not
(iv) Ternary operator.

(c) Why is an object called an instance of a class?
(i) import
(ii) class and arrays

(d) What are identifiers? Give example of each identifier.
An object is called instance of class because object gets the copy of all variables defined in the class.

(e) Name
(i) A keyword used to call a package in the program.
(ii) Any reference data types
Identifiers are the variables, methods classes etc. which are not independent keywords.
E.g. int a;
a is identifier.

Question 2.
(a) What is the function of catch block in exception handling? Where does it appear it in a program?
The catch block is used to find an exception and handle it. It appears after try block.

(b) Find the output:
String a = “Sidharthissmartguy”,b= “MathsMarks”;
String h = a.substring(2,5);
String k = b.substring(8).toUpperCase();
System.out.println(h);
System.out.println(k.equalslgnoreCase(h));
dha
false

(c) (i) Name the mathematical function which is used to find sine of an angle in radians.
(ii) Name a string function which removes the blank spaces provided in the prefix and suffix of a string.
(i) math.sin()
(ii) trim()

(d) Name the keyword which will be used to resolve the conflict between method parameter and instance variables/fields. Explain with example.
this eg. void assign(inta)
{
this.b = a;
}

(e) int y = 10 ;
y+ = (++y * (y++ +5));
System.out.println(y);
What will be the output of the above code?
186

Question 3.
(a) The arguments of the function given in the function definition are called ________
formal parameter

(b) Why JVM is required in running Java program. Justify your answer.
The JVM converts the Java program into machine code. The computer reads it and displays the output accordingly.

(c) Attempt the following
(i) Explain with example the possible loss of precision.
float h = 3.45;
int k = (int)h;
Here k value assigned is 3.
When higher size data type is assigned to the lower size data type there is loss of data which takes place. It’s called loss of precision.

(ii) Explain the term type casting in java. How is it useful?
Type conversion is method by which one type of data is converted into other type. It’s useful in the expression when calculation is to be done in float type.

(iii) State the difference between keyword and reserved word.
keywords are all reserved words in java example null, true, false are reserved words.
Keywords are like return, continue, break etc.

(iv) What do you mean by convention and rules in java? Explain the difference between compiler and interpreter.
Rules are for naming the identifiers. Example identifier name must begin with alphabet or underscore. No special character to be part of the name. Convention is the use the letter of the alphabet.
Compiler compiles the program at once and displays the error for whole program.
Interpreter compiles the program line by line whenever it finds error it stops. At any time it can show only one error.

(v) State the purpose and return data type of the following string functions.
a. indexOf().
b. compareTo().
a. int – return the index of a character
b. int – compares two strings.

(d) Explain the use of continue statement in looping in java.
The continue statement makes the next iteration of the loop to be executed.

(e) State the output of the code:
int m = 10; int n = 10;
for(int i =1;i<5 ;i++) m++;-n; System.out.println(“m=”+m); System.out.println(“n=”+n); Answer: 11 9 (f) What do you understand by Java application and java applet. Explain with example Answer: An application is the program executed on the computer independently. Applet is small program uses another application program for its execution.

SECTION – B (60 Marks)
Attempt any four questions from this Section

The answers in this Section should consist of the Programs in either Blue . J environment or any program environment with Java as the base. Each i program should be written using Variable descriptions/Mnemonic Codes such that the logic of the program is clearly depicted. Flow-Charts and Algorithms are not required.

Question 4.
Digital world announces seasonal discount on the laptops in the given order.

 Cost of the laptop Discount Rs. 20,000 – Rs. 30,000 10% Rs. 30,000 – Rs. 40,000 15% Rs. 40,000 – Rs. 50,000 18% >= Rs. 50,000 20%

An additional discount of 5% on all types of laptops is given. Sales tax is calculated at 12% on the price after the discounts. Define a class to accept the cost of the laptop and print the amount payable by the customer on purchase (use constructor).

import java.util.*;
class dw
{
double Ic, rate, stl, dst; public dw()
{
double Ic = 0.0; double rate = 0.0; double stl = 0.0; double dst = 0.0;
}
public static void main()
{
dw obj new dw();
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.printIn("Enter the cost of laptop");
obj.Ic = sc.nextDouble();
double ds = 5;
double fa = 0.0, fa 1 = 0;
if(obj.Ic >=20000 && obj.Ic < 30000)
{
obj.rate = 10;
}
else if(obj.Ic >= 30000 && obj.Ic < 40000)
{
obj.rate = 15;
}
else ifCobj.Ic >= 40000 && obj.Ic < 50000)
{
obj.rate = 18;
}
else if (obj.Ic >= 50000)
{
obj.rate = 20;
}
else
{
System.out.printIn("invalid");
}
fa = obj.Ic-(obj.Ic*(obj.rate + ds)/100);
fa 1 = fa + ((12.0/100.0)*fa);
System.out.printIn("Amount payable:"+fa 1 );
}

Question 5.
Write a program in java to accept 10 integers in an array. Now display only those numbers having complete square root
Sample input: 12, 45, 49, 78, 64, 77, 81, 99, 45, 33
Sample output: 49, 64, 81

import java.util.*;
class lol
{
public static void main()
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
inta[] = new int[10];
System.out.printInC'Enter 10 integers:");
for(int i =0;i <a.length; i++)
{
a[i] = sc.nextIntO;
}
for(int j = 0; jo.length; j++)
{
for(int k=0; k<=a[j]/2; k++)
{
if(k*k == a[j])
System.out.printIn(a[j]);
}
}
}
}

Question 6.
Write a function to suppress negative elements of an array to bottom without altering the original sequence i.e if array contains 5, -4, 3, -2, 6, -11,12,-8,9Then the return array will be 5, 3,6, 12, 9,-4, -2,-11,-8.

import java.util.*;
class lol
{
public static void supress()
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int a[] = new int[10];
int temp;
System.out.printIn("Enter 10 integers:");
for(int i =0;i <a.length; i++)
{
a[i] = sc.nextInt();
}
for(int j = 0; j {
for(int k=0; k {
if(a[k]<0 &&a[k+1]>0)

{
temp = a[k];
a[k] = a[k+1];
a[k+1] = temp;
}
System.out.printIn(a[j]);
}
}
}
}

Question 7.
Write a program to input a sentence. Create a function convert(int n).
where n is an integer value in positive or negative.
This function is used to encode or decode the given by shifting each character of a string the number of times as specified by user.
Ex. input – Sid Bowler
Shift value 3
Output -Vig Erzohu

import java.util.*;
class lol
{
public static void convert()
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.printIn("Enter a sentence:");
String str = sc.nextLine();
String word = " ";
int n = 3; //shift value
for(int i =0;i <str.length(); i++)
{
char ch = str.charAt(i);
if(ch !=1')
word = word + (ch + n); else
word = word + ch;
}
System.out.printIn(word);
}
}

Question 8.
Write a program using menu driven mode to find the value of s, where
S = 2 + 3 + 4 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 6 + 9 + 12… 100 terms
S = 2! -4! + 6! – 8! ………….. n

import java.util.*;
class lol
{
public static void main()
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double sum = 0;
System.out.printIn("Enter 1 for number addition and 2 for factorial summation");
int ch = sc.nextInt();
switch(ch)
{
case '1': int a = 2, b = 3, c = 4; for(int i = 3; i<=99; i+=3)
{
sum = sum + a + b + c; a = a + 2; b = b + 3; c = c + 4;
}
sum+=a;
System.out.printIn(sum);
break;
case '2': int k = 2;
System.out.printIn("Enter number of terms:");
int n = sc.nextIntO;
for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++)
{
int fact = 1;
for(int j = 1; j<=k; j++)
{
fact = fact*j;
if(i%2 == 0)
sum = sum - fact; else
sum = sum + fact;
k = k + 2;
}
System.out.printIn(sum);
break;
default: System.out.printIn("Error"); break;
}
}//end of main
}//end of class

Question 9.
Write a program in java to print the Pascalane triangle as follows.

import java.util.*;
class lol
{
static int fact(int n)
{
int fact=1;
for(int i = 1; i <=n; i++)
{
fact*=i;
}
return fact;
}
static int ncr(int n,int r)
{
return fact(n) / (fact(n-r) * fact(r));
}
public static void main(String args[ ])
{
System.out.printInQ;
int n, i,j; n = 4;
for(i = 0; i <= n; i++)
{
for(j = 0; j <= n-i; j++)
{
System.out.print(" ");
}
for(j = 0; j <= i;j++)
{
System.out.printC "+ncr(i, j));
}
System.out.printIn();
}
}
 Variable Data Type Description ds double Additional discount fa 1 double Amount payable a[] int Array of 10 integers i,j,k int For looping temp int For swapping the numbers str String store the word ch char store character word String store new changed string sum double store sum of series a be int store consecutive integers. k int store the multiples of 2 fact int Store the factorial.

## ICSE Class 10 Computer Application Sample Question Paper 2 with Answers

Max Marks: 80
[2 Hours]

General Instructions

• Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
• You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
• This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
• The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers. O This Paper is divided into two Sections.
• Attempt all questions from Section A and any four questions from Section B.
• The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

SECTION – A [40 Marks]
Attempt All Question

Question 1.
(a) State one difference between primitive literals float and double.

 Float Double Float occupies 4 bytes in memory Double occupies 8 bytes in memory

(b) What is an infinite loop. Write a statement for infinite loop.
An infinite loop occurs when there is no end to the iteration and loop continues to run indefinitely.
E.g. for (;;)
System.out.printIn(“10”);

(c) Arrange the operators in the order of higher precedence.
(1)++ (2)&& (3)>= (4)%
++, % >=, &&

(d) What is final variable and static variable?
When any variable is declared using final keyword it makes the the value of that variable as constant. It can’t be changed throughout the program.
E.g. final int temp = 90;
Static variable are those which can be used only by static methods. It has only single copy throughout the class.

(e) What is number of bytes char occupies. Write its range also.
2 bytes and its range is 0 to 65,536

Question 2.
(a) What is the difference between keyword parse and function valueOf(). Give example of each.

 Parse ValueOf It converts a variable from string data type to another. E.g. String a = “12”; int b = Integer.parselnt(a); It converts only from string to int. E.g. string a = “12”; Int b = Integer.valueOf(a);

(b) Write a program code to accept a character input and check whether its digit using its ASCII code. Print character using suitable message.

class abc
{
public void main()
{
scanner sc = new scanner(system.in);
System.out.printIn("Enter the character to be checked");
char ch = sc.next().charAt(0);
if(ch >=91 && ch <= 97)
System.out.printIn("Digit is "+ch);
else
System.out.printIn("lts not a digit");
}
}

(c) What do you mean by block. Give one example.
Block is a set of statements in a program.
Eg
{
System.out.printIn(“example of block statement”);
System.out.printIn(“End of block statement”);
}

(d) State the difference between entry controlled loop and exit controlled loop.

 Entry Controlled Loop Exit Controlled Loop Here condition is checked before entering the loop. E.g. while(i<3) { //some statements } Here condition is checked after entering the loop. First time entering in the loop is must. E.g. { }while (i<3);

(e) Write two advantages of using function in the program. And explain role of void in declaring functions?

• It makes the program divides into multiple modules.
• Each module is independent in executing its dedicated task.
• It helps in reusability of the code once written, void makes sure that function doesn’t return anything.

Question 3.
Function overloading is called when function with the same name is used multiple times with different arguments.
Example:
class abc
{
public: area(int a);
area(int a, int b);
area(int a, int b, float c);
}

(b) What is this keyword? Also discuss the significance of it.
This keyword is used as a reference to created object for calling its methods or member functions.
It differentiates between instance variables from the local variables when they have the same names.

(c) Attempt the following
(i) State the two features of a constructor.
Constructor is function which has the same name as that of class without return type. It is called whenever the object is created for the class.

(ii) Write a valid java program code to print the following array in matrix form with 2 rows and 2 columns.
int mat[ ][ ] = {{2,6},{10,20}};
for(int i =0;i<=2;i++)
{
for(int j =0;j<=2;j++)
System.out.print(mat[i][j]);
System.out.printIn();
}

(iii) State the total size in bytes of the array a[4] of char data type and p[4] of float data type.
char a[4] it occupies 8 bytes,
float p[4] it occupies 16 bytes.

(iv) String abc = “helloR”;
StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer(abc);
int num = str.capacity();
what will variable num stores the value?
22

(v) StringBuffer s1 = new StringBuffer(Robot”);
String s2 = s1 .reverse();
System.out.printIn(“s2 =” +s2);
System.out.printIn(“s1 =” +s1);
toboR
toboR

(d) Write a java statement for finding and displaying the position of last space in string’str’.
String str = “Blank”;
int a = str.lastlndexOf(‘ ‘);
System.out.printIn(a +” is the last position of”);

(e) Which one of the following returns the corresponding primitive data type object from string object?
(i) Integer
(iii) valueOf()
(iv) endsWith()
(i) int
(ii) String
(iii) int
(iv) boolean

(f) What do you mean by Abstraction and information hiding in java?
Data abstraction is the act of representing the essential features of the program without involving in its complexity.
Information hiding in java means data members which can’t be accessed directly by objects instead it has access via its member functions.

SECTION – B [60 Marks]
Attempt any four questions from this Section

The answers in this Section should consist of the Programs in either the Blue environment or any program environment with Java as the base. Each program should be written using Variable descriptions/Mnemonic Codes such that the logic of the program is clearly depicted.

Flow-Charts and Algorithms are not required.

Question 4.
Write a program to input three sides of a triangle (s1, s2, s3). Using switch case print whether a triangle is Equilateral, Isosceles, Right angled triangle or scalene.
The program should be used with menu and switch-case.

import java.util.*;
class Triangle
{
public static void main()
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.printIn("Enter 3 sides of triangle ");
double si = sc.nextDoubleO;
double s2 = sc.nextDoubleO;
double s3 = sc.nextDoubleO;
char ch ='0';
double sq 1 = s1* s1;
double sq2 = s2*s2;
double sq3 = s3 * s3;
double sum1 = sq1 + sq2;
double sum2 = sq2 + sq3;
double sum3 = sq1 + sq3;
if(s1 == s2 && s2 == s3 )
ch = 'E';
if(s1 == s2 || s2 == s3 || s1 == s3)
ch = T;
if(sum1 == sq3 || sum2 == sq 1 || sum3 == sq2)
ch = 'R';
if(s1 != s2 && s2!=s3)
ch = 'S';
switch(ch)
{
case 'E': System.out.printIn("Equilateral triangle");
break;
case T: System.out.printIn("lsoscless triangle");
break;
case 'R': System.out.printIn("Right triangle");
break;
case 'S': System.out.printIn("Scalene triangle");
break;
default: break;
}
}
}

Question 5.
Write a program to find the sum of the following series:
x + $$\frac{x^{2}}{2 !}+\frac{x^{2}}{3 !}+\frac{x^{4}}{4 !}+$$ ….n terms

import java.util.*;
class series
{
public static void main()
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.printIn("Enter a number and number of terms");
int x = sc.nextInt();
int n = sc.nextInt();
int a = 1; int f;
double sum = 0.0;
forfint i =1; i<= n; i++)
{
f = 1;
for(int j = 1; j<=i;j++)
f = f*j;
sum = sum+(Math.pow(x,a)/f);
3++;
}
System.out.printIn(''sum: "+sum);
}
}

Question 6.
A number is said to be NEON number if sum of digits of square of a number is equal to the number itself.
Example:
INPUT N = 9, Output Square: 81 (where 8 + 1 = 9 so 9 is NEON number)
Write a program to find such numbers between 10 and 10000.

import java.util.*;
class Neon
{
public static void main()
{
int a = 10;
for(int i =10;i<=10000; i++) { intal =a; long sq = a1*a1; int sum =0; while(sq >=0)
{
int k = (int)sq % 10;
sum = sum + k;
sq = sq/10;
if(sum == a)
System.out.printIn(a);
a++,’
}
}

Question 7.
Write a program to perform binary search on the list of 10 integers entered by user in ascending order to search for an element input by user, if it’s found display the element along with its position else display the message “search element not found”.

import java.util.*;
class binsearch
{
public static void main()
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.priintlnfEnter the 10 no.s in ascending order to be put in the array");
int[] a = new int[10];
for(int i = 0; i< 10; i++)
a[i] = sc.nextInt();
System.out.printIn(Enter the no. to be searched in the array");
int n = sc.nextInt();
int start =0,pos=0;
int last =a.length - 1;
int mid = (start + last) / 2;
int found = 0;
while(start <= last)
{
if(n == a[mid])
{
pos = mid; found = 1;
break;
}
if(n < a[mid]) mid = last - 1; if(n > a[mid]) mid = start + 1;
}
if(found == 1)
System.out.printIn(n+" found at position "+pos);
else
}
}

Question 8.
Write a program to accept a word and convert into lowercase if it is in uppercase and display the new word by replacing the VOWELS with the character following it.
ex. Sample intput: VOWEL
Sample output: vpwfi

import java.util.*;
class strlol
{
public static void main()
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
Systenn.out.printIn("Enter a word");
String strl = sc.next();
String str = strl .toLowerCase();
String word = "
for(int i = 0; i <= str.length()-1; i++) { char ch = str.charAt(i); if (ch != 'a' && ch !='e' && ch != T && ch != 'o' && ch!='u') word = word + ch; if(ch=='a' || ch == 'e'|| ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u') { ch ++; word = word + ch; } } System.out.printIn(word); } }
int a = i-1;
for(int k = 1; k <= 5-i; k++)
System.out.print("");
for(int j = 1;j<= i;j++) { System.out.printIn(j+" "); if(a > 0)
System.out.printIn("*");
a--;
}
System.out.printIn();
}
}
}

Question 9.
Write a program in java to print the following output.

import java.util.*;
class pattern
{
public static void main()
{
for(int i = 5; i>= 1; i—)
{
int a = i-1;
for(int k = 1; k <= 5-i; k++)
System.out.print("");
for(int j = 1;j<= i;j++)
{
System.out.printIn(j+" ");
if(a > 0)
System.out.printIn("*");
a--;
}
System.out.printIn();
}
}
}
 Variable Data Type Description sq1,sq2, sq3 double To find squares of each side ch char To store the type of triangle. x, n int Number and number of terms. f Int Factorial storing sum double To store sum of series. sum Int To store sum of digits of neon number. a[ ] int To store integers in ascending order. n int Element to be searched. start,last mid int Positions of index of array found int Flag to check element is found or not. strl string For storing string. ch char To take out each character of string. word String For storing the required string. a int Number of rows.

## ICSE Class 10 Computer Application Sample Question Paper 1 with Answers

Max Marks: 80
[2 Hours]

General Instructions

• Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
• You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
• This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
• The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers. O This Paper is divided into two Sections.
• Attempt all questions from Section A and any four questions from Section B.
• The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

SECTION – A [40 Marks]
Attempt All Question

Question 1.
(a) Name any four tokens of Java. [2]
Integer, boolean, double and character.

(b) Give the difference between actual parameter and formal parameter. [2]
Formal parameters are used in the function definition and Actual parameters are used when function is being called. E.g.

void sum(int a, int b) // a and b are formal parameters
{
System.out.println(a+b);
}
Public static void main()
{
Sum(2,4); // 2,4 are actual parameters.
}

(c) What is an identifier? [2]
Identifiers are names of the variables, strings, classes and packages. Its values can change throughout the program.

(d) Write an expression in Java for sin x + √a2 + √b3. [2]
Math.sin(x) + Math.sqrt(a*a + b*b*b);

(e) What is the result produced by 2 – 10*3 + 100/11 ? Show the steps. [2]
Step 1:2- 10*3 + 9
Step 2:3 – 30+9
Step 3: 3-21
Step 4: -19

Question 2.
(a) What is the difference between local variable and instance variable? [2]

 Local Variable Instance Variable Its scope remains inside a function or the block. Its scope remains throughout the methods of the class. Multiple copies of this variable are used throughout the program. Every object has separate copies of this variable.

(b) int x = 20, y = 10, z;
What is the value of z in
z = ++x * (y – -) – y ?
Show the steps. [2]
int x =20, y = 10, z;
z = ++x * (y – -) – y ?
Step 1:21 * 10-9
Step 2: 210 – 9
Step 3: 201

(c) What is the purpose of default in a switch? [2]
Default in the switch statement means when no matching case is encountered by the controller it executes the default case.

(d) Give the difference between linear search and binary search. [2]

 Linear Search Binary Search It compares each element of the array with rest of the elements in the array. It’s based on divide and conquer rule. Array is sorted in this search. Element is searched only in the selected halves.

(e) What will be the output of the following code?
float x = 7.87;
System.out.println(Math.ceil(x));
System.out.println(Math.floor(x)); [2]
8.0
7.0

Question 3.
(a) State the difference between if-else if ladder and switch…case. [2]

 If-else Ladder Switch Case Works on more than one variable It works on only one variable or constant It can hold many conditions It can hold only one condition.

Function name same as that of class name without return type is called Constructor. Constructor overloading is when same name constructor is used with different arguments list is called constructor overloading.

Example:

Class lol
{
lol ()
{
//write something ...
}
lol(int a)
{
//write something
}
lol(int a, int b)
{
//write something
}

(c) What will be the output of the following program segments?
(i) String s = “application”; int p = s.indexOf(‘a’);
System.out.println(p);
System.out.println(p+s); [2]
0application

(ii) String st = “PROGRAM”; System.out.println(st.indexOf(st.charAt(4))); [2]
1

(iii) int a = 0; if(a>0 && a<20) d++; else a-; ‘ System.out.println(a); [2] Answer: -1 (iv) int a- 5, b = 2,c; if (a>b || a ! = b) c = ++a+-b;
System.out.print(c+ ” “+a+” “+b); [2]
7 6 1

(v) int i = 1; while(i++<=1)
{
i++;
System.out.print(i + “”);
}
System.out.print(i); [2]
34

(d) Differentiate between isUpperCase(char) and toUpperCase(char). [2]

 isUpperCase() toUpperCase() It checks whether the character is uppercase or not. It changes the character into uppercase Return value is boolean. Return value is String

(e) What is the difference between a constructor function and a member function of a class? [2]

 Constructor Function Member Function Automatically called during the creation of the object. Class object needs to explicitly call the member functions. It bears the same name as that of class. It doesn’t have same name.

(f) What is the difference between a static member function and a member function which is not static? [2]

 Static Member Function Non Static Member Function It has the keyword static before the function name. It doesn’t have static keyword before the function name. It can be called by static member functions only. It can be called by any function.

SECTION – B [60 Marks]
Attempt any four questions from this Section

The answers in this Section should consist of the Programs in either Blue J environment or any program environment with Java as the base. Each program should be written using Variable descriptions/Mnemonic Codes such that the logic of the program is clearly depicted.

Flow-Charts and Algorithms are not required.

Question 4.
Define a class taximeter having the following description:
Data members/instance variables
int taxino – to store taxi number
String name – to store passenger’s name
int km – to store number of kilometres travelled
Member functions:
taximeter() – constructor to initialize taxino to 0, name to” “and b to 0.
input() – to store taxino,name,km
calculate() – to calculate bill for a customer according to given conditions kilometers

 travelled(km) Rate/km <1 km Rs.25 1 < km < 6 Rs. 10 6 < km <12 Rs. 15 12 < km <18 Rs. 20 >18 km Rs.25

display() – To display the details in the following format Taxino Name Kilometres travelled Bill amount ……. Create an object in the main method and call all the above methods in it. [15]

import java.util.*;
class taximeter
{
int taxino;
String name;
int km;
double fare;
public taximeter()
{
taxino = 0;
name ="";
km = 0;
fare = 0.0;
}
public void inputQ
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.primtlnC'Enter taxi number");
taxino = sc.nextlnt();
System.out.primtln("Enter passenger's name");
name = sc.nextLine();
System.out.priintln("Enter number of kms travelled");
km = sc.nextlnt();
}
public void calculate()
{
int Rate =0;
if (km <= 1)
fare = 25.0 * km;
else if(l < km && km <= 6)
fare = 10.0 * km;
else if(6 < km && km <= 12)
fare = 15.0 * km;
else if(12 < km && km <= 18)
fare = 20.0 * km;
else
fare = 25.0 * km;
}
public void displayO
{
System.out.priintln("Taxino "+"Name "+" kilometers travelled "+"Bill amount ");
System.out.priintln(taxino+ ""+name+" "+" "+fare);
}
public void main()
{
taximeter obj == new taximeterO;
obj.input();
obj.calculate();
obj.display();
}//end of main
}//end of class

Question 5.
Write a menu-driven program to find the sum of the following series depending on the user choosing 1 or 2 1. S = 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/12………… upton terms 2. S = 1/1! – 2/2! + 3/3!……….. upto n terms where ! stands for factorial of the number and the factorial value of a number is the product of all integers from 1 to that number, e.g. 5! = 1* 2* 3* 4* 5. (use switch-case). [15]

import java.util.*;
class abc {
public void main()
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double sum = 0.0;
System.out.println("Input 1 for sum first series and input 2 for sum of second series");
int a = sc.next.lnt();
switch(a)
{
case 1:
{
System.out.println("Input N value for for the series");
int n = sc.next.Int();
for(int i = 1; i<= n;i++)
{
sum+ = 1,0/(4.0*i);
}
System.out.println{"sum of 1st series is "+sum);
}
break;
case 2:
{
System.out.println("lnput N value for for the series");
int n = sc.next.Int();
for(int i = 1; i<=n; i++)
{
int fact = 1;
for(int j = 1; j< = i;j++)
fact*= j;
if(i%2 ==1)
sum+= (double)i/fact;
else
sum-= (double)i/fact;
}
System.out.printIn("sum of 2nd series is "+sum);
}
break;
default: System.out.println("not valid choice");
break;
} //end of switch
}//end of main
}//end of class

Question 6.
Write a program to accept a sentence and print only the first letter of each word of the sentence in capital letters separated by a full stop.

Example: INPUT SENTENCE :”This is a cat”
OUTPUT :T.I.A.C. [15]

import java.util.*;
class abc {
public static void main()
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.printIn(Enter a sentence");
String str = sc.nextLine();
str = str+" ";
String word = " ";
for(int i = 0; i <=str.length()-1;i++)
{
char ch = str.charAt(i);
if(ch!='')
{
word = word + ch;
}
else
{
System.out.println(word.charAt(0)+".");
word = " ";
}
}
}// end of main
}//end of class

Question 7.
Write a program to create an array to store 10 integers and print the largest integer and the smallest integer in that array. [15]

import java.util.*;
class abc
{
public static void main()
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int a[] = new int[10];
System.out.printIn(Enter 10 numbers:");
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
a[i] = sc.nextlntO;
int largest = 0;
int smallest = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
if(largest < a[i]) largest = a[i]; if(smallest > a[i]) smallest = a[i];
}
System.out.printIn("Largest of number in array is "+largest);
System.out.printIn(Smallest of number in array is "+smallest);
}//end of main
}//end of class

Question 8.
Write a program to calculate the sum of all the prime numbers between the range of 1 and 100. [15]

import java.util.*;
class prime
{
public static void main()
{
int sum = 0;
for(int i = 2; i <=100; i++)
!
l
int mid = i/2;
int count = 0;
for (int j = 1; j <=mid; j++)
{
if (i%j ==0) count++;
}
if(1 == count) sum+= i;
}
System.out.printIn(sum of all prime numbers is:"+sum);
}//end of main
}//end of class

Question 9.
Write a program to store 10 names in an array. Arrange these in alphabetical order by sorting. Print the sorted list. Take single word names, all in capital letters, E.g. SAMSON, AJAY, LUCY, etc. [15]

import java.util.*;
class prime
{
public static void mainQ
{
String temp;
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
String a[ ] = new String [10];
System.out.println("Enter 10 names all in capital letters");
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) a[i] = sc.nextO;
for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
for(int j = i+1;j < a.length; j++) { if(a[i].compareTo(a[j])>0)
{
temp = a[i];
a[i] = a[j];
atj] = temp;
}
}
for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
System.out.println(a[i]);
}//end of main
}//end of class
 Variable Data Type Description str String Input a string word String To extract character from string ch char To store character a[ ] int To store integer array temp int Temporary variable for swapping count int To count the number of factors. sum int To add the sum of prime numbers n int Number to be checked whether its prime or not largest int To store the largest value smallest int To store the smallest value a[] String To read all the names in capital letters. fj int For looping temp String For storing temporarily

## ICSE Class 9 History and Civics Sample Question Paper 4 with Answers

Part -I
(Attempt all questions from this Part)

Question 1.
(a) What is the ‘Mirror of the Nation’?
(b) Who was elected as the first permanent President of the Constituent Assembly ?
(c) In which Constitution Amendment Act of 1976, some minor changes were made to the Preamble ?
(d) Which Article of the Indian Constitution of the explains the ‘Protection of Life and Personal Liberty’ ?
(e) What does the Latin term ‘Mandamus’ mean ?
(f) Who is the present Chief Election Commissioner of India ?
(g) Who is a ‘Sarpanch’ ?
(h) Which were the first urban areas of the Municipal Corporation ?
(i) Who launched the scheme ‘Nehru Rozgar Yojana’ ?
(j) Name the programme that has been started to improve the condition of women and children in the rural society.
(a) The Constituent Assembly is the ‘Mirror of the Nation’.
(b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the first Permanent President of the Constituent Assembly.
(c) In the 42nd Constitution Amendment Act of 1976, some minor changes were made in the Preamble, such as the addition of the words Secular, Socialist, Integrity and Unity.
(d) The Article 21 guarantees the ‘Protection of Life and Personal Liberty’.
(e) The Latin term ‘Mandamus’ means ‘We Command’.
(f) Om Prakash Rawat (incumbent) is the present Chief Election Commissioner of India.
(g) ‘Sarpanch’ is the head of the Gram Panchayat.
(h) The Presidency towns of Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai were incorporated as the first urban areas of the Municipal Corporation.
(i) Atal Bihari Vajpayee launched the ‘Nehru Rozgar Yojana’.
(j) The programme ‘Anganwadi’ was launched in the rural society to improve the condition of women and children.

Question 2.
(a) In which area of the Indus Valley Civilization a large granary has been unearthed ?
(b) Which Council of High Dignitaries and Princes of the Holy Roman Empire ordered the writings of Martin Luther to be burned ?
(c) Who created the colony named ‘Virgin Queen’ ?
(d) Name the Jesuit Mission who accompanied Akbar to Fatehpur Sikri.
(e) Which Sikh Guru sheltered the rebel prince Khusrao ?
(f) Which Mughal Emperor became the patron of eminent scholars such as Shams-i-Siraj and Zia-ud-din Barani ?
(g) Which Chola King sent out a naval expedition to Sumatra and Java ?
(h) Which image has been recognised as the ‘Cultural Epitome’ of the Chola Empire ?
(i) Who wrote Brahmasphuta Siddhanta during the Gupta period ?
(j) Who was the first to discover the number zero ?
(a) A large granary measuring 45.71 meter length and 15.23 meter breadth has been unearthed at Mohenjo-Daro during the Indus Valley Civilization.
(b) Diet Worm, which was the Council of High Dignitaries and Princes of the Holy Roman Empire, ordered the writings of Martin Luther to be burned.
(c) Walter Raleigh created the colony named Virgin Queen.
(d) Portuguese Fathers, Fr. Rudolf Acquaviva, Antoine de Monserrate and Francis Henriques accompanied Akbar to Fatehpur Sikri.
(e) Arjun Dev, the 5th Sikh Guru sheltered the rebel prince Khusrao.
(f) Firoz Shah Tughlaq, the Mughal Emperor became the patron of eminent scholars such as Shams-i-Siraj Afif and Zia-ud-din Barani.
(g) King Rajendra Chola I sent out an expedition to Java and Sumatra.
(h) The Bronze image of ‘Nataraja’ has been recognised as the ‘Cultural Epitome’ of the Chola Empire.
(i) Brahmagupta wrote Brahmasphuta siddhanta during the Gupta period.
(j) Aryabhatta was the first to discover the number ‘zero’ during the Gupta period.

Part -II
Section -A

(Attempt any two questions from this Part)

Question 3.
With reference to the Elections of India, explain the following questions :
(a) State the types of the Elections held in India.
(b) Explain the concept of ‘By-Elections’ in your own words.
(c) State two differences between Direct and Indirect Elections.
(a) The three types of the Elections held in India are General Election, By-Election and Mid-Term Election.

(b) By-Elections, also known as Bypolls in India. In case of death or sudden resignation of any member of the Central Legislative Assembly or the State Legislative Assembly before the expiry of the full term, a By-Election is held to fill up the vacant position. The newly elected member holds office only till the term of the existing government is not complete. By-Elections may also be conducted to fill up the vacant seat of a candidate who has been disqualified under Parliamentary law for some reason or the other.

(c)

 Direct Election Indirect Election Representatives are directly chosen by the people through voting. Representatives are indirectly elected by the people through an intermediary group who further elect the representatives. In this process, qualified members of the Lok Sabha, Vidhan Sabha or Legislative Assemblies, local bodies like Municipal Corporation, Municipalities and Gram Panchayat are directly elected. In this process, the members of Rajya Sabha, Vidhan Parishad, Zila Parishad, President and Vice President are indirectly elected.

Question 4.
With reference to Indian Constitution, explain the following questions :
(a) State the ideals of the Indian Constitution.
(b) What does the word ‘Republic’ mean ?
(c) State the significance of the Preamble in the written constitution.
(a) The ideals of the Indian Constitution are as follow :
(i) To secure all its citizens, social, economic and political justice; liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; equality of status and opportunity.
(ii) To promote the idea of fraternity so as to secure the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation.

(b) The word Republic refers to a state in which the power is held by the people through their elected representatives. No individual in a Republican Government has a hereditary right to the office of power. The people in India exercise their power by electing their representatives. A Republic makes no distinction between indirectly and directly elected head of the State.

(c) (i) The Preamble declares that the source of the constitution is the People of India.
(ii) It indicates the secular, socialist and democratic basis of the Constitution.
(iii) The Preamble states the basic objectives or ideals of the Indian Republic.
The Preamble is the keynote which sets out the main theme of the Constitution. The Preamble is like the mini-Constitution. It reminds people the noble and grand visions of our Constitution makers.
Constitution is registered by the fact that a distinguished English author Sir Barker included the Indian Preamble as the introduction of his best seller.

Question 5.
With reference to the local self-government (rural), explain the following :
(b) State any two functions of the Gram Panchayat.
(c) Discuss any three functions of Zila Parishad.

(b) The functions of the Gram Panchayat are as follows :
(i) Developmental Functions:
1. The Gram Panchayat undertakes preparing and executing various agricultural plans. . 2. Gram Panchayat provides provisions for primary and secondary education.

1. Gram Panchayat looks after the maintenance of the village’s public property.
2. Gram Panchayat implements the official programme given by the authorities.

(c) The three functions of Zila Parishad are as follows :
(i) Civic activities : Construction and maintenance of public roads, bridges, culverts, parks and water supply system come under the civic activities of Zila Parishad.
(ii) Welfare functions : Establishment of markets, running of public libraries, dispensaries, public health and family planning centers, providing relief in times of calamities are some of its civil welfare activities.
(iii) Coordination : The Zila Parishad supervises the activities of the Gram Panchayats and the Panchayat Samiti at the block level. It is through the blocks that the districts prosper. Therefore, the Zila Parishad coordinates and consolidates the developmental projects at the block levels.

Section – B
(Attempt any three questions from this section)

Question 6.
With reference to the Vedic Civilization in India, explain the following questions :
(a) Explain the political organizations of Later Vedic India.
(b) Elucidate the Four-Fold Varna System that is prevalent in India.
(c) What was ‘Soma’? When and by whom was it consumed ?
(a) In later Vedic times, popular assemblies lost importance and royal power increased at their cost. The Vidatha completely disappeared. The Sabha and Samiti continued to hold the ground, but their character changed. They came to be dominated by chiefs and rich nobles allowed. The Sabha was gradually converted into the King’s court, becoming an even more exclusive body than earlier.

(b) In the early Four Fold Varna system the birth determines the caste of a person and it was difficult to change one’s caste. The society was divided into different classes based on the profession (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras). The Brahmins were those people who perform the religious ceremonies while Kshatriyas belongs to the ruling class. They fought war to defend their country. The vaishyas are the common people engaged in trade agriculture and industry. Shudras are the people who work as labourers and servants. Brahmin and Kshatriya emerged as the most important classes. They enjoyed privileges that were denied to vaisyas and Shudras. Shudras were considered untouchables and lowest among the four castes. Inter caste marriages were also not prevelant during the Later Vedic period.

(c) Soma was an intoxicating drink that was consumed by the Vedic people during religious festivals or ceremonies.

Question 7.
With reference to the Emergence of Composite Culture, explain the following questions :
(a) Explain the Jesuit Mission of St. Francis Xavier to India.
(b) What do you mean by the term ‘Firangi’?
(c) Elucidate the influence of Christianity on the Emperors of the Mughal Empire.
(a) St. Francis Xavier disembarked in Goa, the centre of Portuguese activity in the East, on May 6, 1542; his companion had remained behind to work in Lisbon. Much of the next three years, he spent on the south-eastern coast of India among the Paravars, Katesar Kadaiyar Pattamkattiyars (head of fishery coast) and Mukkuvars.

(i) He took the help of Goan scholars and translated the creed, the lords prayer, the Ten Commandments and the Ave Maria. He build 40 churches along the coast and established St. Stephen’s Church at Kombuthurai dated A.D. 1544.

(ii) Francis travelled tirelessly from village to village instructing and confirming them in their faith to spread the message of Jesus Christ. His evident goodness and the force of his conviction overcame difficulties of verbal communication.

(b) The term ‘Firangi’ means foreigner or someone coming from another nation. In this context, it is an Islamised term which was conceptualized during the Mughal period, denoting the Europeans who came to explore the empire.

(c) The Mughal Empire was heavily influenced by Christianity as is manifest in the rule of Mughal Emperors like Akbar and Jahangir. Mughal Emperor Akbar sent out a request to Jesuit priests stationed at the Portuguese enclave of Goa to teach him about Christianity. He conceptualized ‘Din-i-Illahi’ or an eclectic mix of religions and ethnicities. He facilitated religious synthesis and formed a liasion with the Jesuit heads. This culminates in a collection of glorious artistic pieces, consisting of a combination of Persian and European motifs.

The very first paintings to reach the Mughal court were large oil paintings of Mother Mary, a religious figure known to the Muslim world by her presence in the Quran. The Jesuits then presented the Royal Polyglot Bible to Akbar, with Biblical illustrations done by a Flemish painter.

The 17th century painting which Jahangir presented Prince Khurram with turban ornament is a perfect example of art showcasing Mughal rule with imagery borrowed from Christianity. While Christianity had been received and adopted in several other countries before it came to India, the religion’s reception here was unique in the sense that it was accommodated in a manner serving the interests of the Mughal rulers.

Question 8.
With reference to the Delhi Sultanate, study the picture and answer the following questions :
(a) Identify this Delhi ruler? Whom did she succeed to the throne and when ?
(b) Why is her rule a ‘Romantic Interlude’ of the Delhi Sultanate ?
(c) How did her rule finally come to an end ?

(a) The picture shows the first and the last woman muslim ruler Raziya Sultana who ruled Delhi Sultanate. She succeeded her father Shams-ud-din Iltutmish to the throne in AD 1236.

(b) The Delhi Sultanate witnessed some legendary rulers, one of whom was Raziya al-Din, or Raziya Sultana. The only woman to be ever crowned the ‘Sultan’ of Delhi, Raziya was truly an exception. After the death of Raziya’s father, Iltutmish, Rukn ud-din Firoz, Raziya’s brother, was crowned the Sultan. However, he was killed less than seven months into the power. This brought Raziya to the throne.

This move did not go well with the powerful Muslim nobles who were not ready to accept a female ruler. Though her rule lasted less than 4 years, she had set aside the customary veil and asked everyone to address her as ‘Sultan’ and not ‘Sultana’, since Sultana meant the wife of the Sultan. She adopted masculine costumes and led the army from the front. Though comparatively short, her rule was marked by upright law and order. She even managed to manipulate the strong nobles to oppose each other and not her. However, she could not become a successful Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate and a clique of orthodox Ulema led to the debacle of her regime.

The legacy of Raziya is the precedent of her love story and her administrative skills. It was probably due to her courage to stand against the mighty nobles and her love for Delhi that she has been given such a special place in India’s history despite her short reign. As a result, her regime is known as the ‘Romantic Interlude’ of the Delhi Sultanate.

(c) Raziya Sultan was dethroned when she lost to her brother who had rebelled against her. She later married Altuniya and tried to recover Delhi but was unsuccessful. She finally became a victim of a conspiracy and was assassinated near Kaithal (Haryana) in AD 1240.

Question 9.
With reference to Renaissance, answer the following questions :
(a) Who was the inspiration behind the term ‘Renaissance Man’ ?
(b) Explain any two causes for the rise of Renaissance in Europe.
(c) Explain the influence of Renaissance on art and architecture.
(a) Leonardo-da-Vinci was the inspiration behind the term Renaissance Man’.

(b) Two causes for the rise of Renaissance in Europe are as follows :
(i) Decline of Feudalism : The feudal system declined in the 13th and 14th centuries mainly due to the revival of long distance trade. The growth of trade and markets stimulated the demand for the luxury goods. In order to procure them, the lords increased their exploitation of serfs (slaves). The slaves deserted cultivation and flocked to the newly developing town. This resulted in the decline of the feudal structure.

(ii) Invention of the Printing Press : The invention of the Printing Press in the middle of the 15th century in Europe made it possible to produce books in large numbers. Holy Bible and many other religious and classical books were printed and made available all over Europe. Printing and distribution of these books greatly influenced people’s attitude towards the life and brought about a new awakening in Europe.

(c) The greatest impact of Renaissance was art and its various forms such as painting, architecture and sculptures. The architects during Renaissance were inspired by the building plan of the Roman Churches. The floor was adorned with arches, decorative columns and dome. The architectural works of Renaissance highlighted harmony, proportion and balance in the buildings. The most popular architecture of this period is St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome.

Question 10.
With reference to the Industrial Revolution, explain the following questions :
(a) Define Industrial Revolution.
(b) Who wrote the book ‘Das Kapital’? Which fields was he famous in ?
(c) How did Industrial Revolution lead to the development of Socialism ?
(a) The Industrial Revolution took place from 18th to 19th The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread throughout the world. It signifies a series of revolutionary changes that took place in the fields of industry and production. Industrial Revolution marked a shift to large scale production of goods by using machinery and new technology. It has brought social and economic changes which transformed agricultural society into modem industrial society.

(b) Karl Marx was an eminent Sociologist, economist and political thinker who wrote the book ‘Das KapitaT.

(c) The Industrial Revolution polarized the society into two main groups into working class and capitalists. Capitalists were the owners of the means of production. They had power, wealth and prestige. The other class of the people created by revolution was the class of poor workers or proletariat. This class included those people who migrated to the cities in search of employment and lived in human conditions. The gap between employee and employer became very wide and remain unbridged. The Industrial Revolution gave rise to many doctrines including Marxism. The Socialists wanted to set up such society that would be free from class division and exploitation. These are the factors that led to the development of Socialism.

## ICSE Class 9 History and Civics Sample Question Paper 3 with Answers

Part-I
(Attempt all questions from this part)

Question 1.
(a) When did the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee? Who was the chairman of the Drafting Committee ?
(b) When did India celebrate the Republic Day’s Golden Jubilee ?
(c) What does the Preamble of India describe ?
(d) Which Article of the Indian Constitution prohibits the employment of children under the age of 14 years ?
(e) Which Article of the Indian Constitution abolishes all titles like Rai Sahib and Maharaja ?
(f) Which Indian state has the highest number of constituencies ?
(g) Who was the first Election Commissioner of India ?
(h) What does Local Self-Government mean ?
(i) Who elects the President, Senior Vice-President and a Junior Vice-President from amongst themselves in the Municipal Corporation ?
(j) Who is the ‘First Citizen’ of the town or city ?
(a) On 29th August, 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee to prepare the draft Constitution of India. Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee.
(b) On 26th January, 2000, India celebrated the Republic Day’s Golden Jubilee.
(c) The Preamble of India describes the ‘soul and spirit’ of the Constitution of India.
(d) Article 24 of the Indian Constitution prohibits the employment of children under 14 years of age in any factory or mine.
(e) Article 18 of the Indian Constitution abolishes all extravagant titles, such as ‘Rai Sahib’ or ‘Maharaja’.
(f) Uttar Pradesh in India has the highest number of constituencies i.e., 80.
(g) Sukumar Sen was the first Election Commissioner of the Independent Republic of India.
(h) Local Self-Government is an elected body that experiences a certain degree of autonomy and serves as a government unit for local affairs.
(i) The Councillor elects the President, Junior Vice-President and Senior Vice-President of the Municipal Corporation.
(j) The Mayor is the ‘First Citizen’ of the town or city.

Question 2.
(a) What are the most important sites of the Harappan Civilization that are situated in Gujarat ?
(b) Name the two divisions of the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.
(c) What does the Sanskrit word ‘Arya’ mean ?
(d) Who were staunchly against the practices of Yajnas or expensive rituals in the 6th century B.C. ?
(e) Where is the Ashokan Pillar situated in India ?
(f) What does the term ‘Sangam’ denote ?
(g) Name the church in the Fort Kochi that signifies the prevalence of composite culture.
(h) What does the term ‘Renaissance’ mean ?
(i) Who painted the portrait of Sistine Madonna during the high noon of Italian Renaissance?
(j) Who is regarded as the ‘Morning star of Reformation’ ?
The most important sites of the Harappan Civilization that are situated in Gujarat are
(a) Lothal, Dholavira, Rangpur, Gola, Rojdi and Dhoro.
(b) The two divisions of the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro are the raised area called as ‘citadel’ and the ‘lower town’.
(c) The Sanskrit term ‘Arya’ means civilized or noble.
(d) The Kshatriya rulers and Vaishya businessmen vehemently protested against the practices of Yajnas or expensive rituals in the 6th century B.C.
(e) The Ashokan Pillar is situated in Vaishali, Bihar.
(f) The term ‘Sangam’ means ‘assembly’ or ‘association’.
(g) St. Francis of Assisi is situated in the Fort Kochi that signifies the presence of composite culture.
(h) The term ‘Renaissance’ means ‘re-birth’ or reconstruction.
(i) Rafael painted Sistine Madonna during the high noon of Italian Renaissance.
(j) John Wycliffe is regarded as the ‘Morning Star of Reformation’.

Part – II
Section – A
(Attempt any two questions from this Section)

Question 3.
With reference to the salient features of the Indian Constitution, answer the following questions:
(a) What is Habeas Corpus? What is Mandamus?
(b) In which part of the article of the Indian Constitution, the Fundamental Duties were inserted ?
(c) Explain the Fundamental Duties as per Article 51 A of the 86th Amendment Act of 2002.
(a) Habeas corpus literally means “You may have the body”. It is recourse in law through which a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person, usually a prison official, to bring the prisoner to court and to determine whether the detention is lawful or not. Mandamus is a latin word which means ‘we command’. The writ is issued when a petition is filed against any public official or unit who is not performing his or her duty.

(b) The Fundamental Duties were inserted in Article 51A of Part IV of the Constitution, and they were published by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.

(c) As per Article 51A of the 86th Amendment Act, 2002 of the Indian Constitution, the Fundamental Duties of every Indian Citizen are as follows :
(i) To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
(ii) To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
(iii) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
(iv) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India, transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
(v) To protect and improve the natural environment,’ including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures.
(vi) To provide opportunities for education to his child or as the case may be, ward between the ages of 6 and 14 years.

Question 4.
With reference to the Elections of India, answer the following questions:
(a) What do you mean by ‘Mid-Term Election’?
(c) Explain any three functions of the Election Commission.
(a) Mid-term Election is a type of election that occurs when the full term of five years of State Assemblies or Lok Sabha has not been completed and the house has to be dissolved. This type of election is held to bring a new house in power.

(b) (i) Advantages of Direct Elections :
1. As the voters elect their representatives directly, direct elections are considered to be a more democratic method of election.
2. It educates people regarding the government activities and helps in choosing appropriate candidates. It also encourages people to play an active role in politics.
3. It empowers people and make the elected representatives accountable for their actions.

1. Direct elections are very expensive. It incurs huge expenditure on the public exchequer. For example in 2014 Lok Sabha elections, a whopping sum of Rs. 30,000 crore was spent by the government, political parties and candidates. Out of this, the Election Commission alone spent Rs. 3,426 crores.

2. Illiterate voters sometimes gets misguided by false propaganda and sometimes cast their vote taking into consideration factors like caste, religion etc. This may result in the election of undeserving candidates. There are also instances of Cash for vote.

3. Since conducting direct elections are a massive exercise, ensuring free and fair elections at all the polling booths may not be possible. There are some instances of booth capturing, violence, intimidation of election officials etc., which undermines the credentials of the election process.

1. Indirect elections are less expensive.
2. It is more suited for elections in large countries.

1. Since tire number of voters are very small, there exists a possibility of corruption, bribery, horse trading etc.
2. It is less democratic because people do not have direct opportunity to elect; they instead do it through their representatives. So, this may not reflect the true will of the people.

(c) The three functions of the Election Commission are as follows :
(i) Electoral Rolls : Election commission prepares electoral rolls and gets them revised
before every election so as to add the names of those who have turned 18 years and to remove the names of those who have moved out of a constituency.

(ii) Scrutiny of Nomination Papers: The Election Commission examines the nomination papers of the candidates. These papers are accepted if found in order, but rejected otherwise. This duty is performed by the Returning Officer who notifies to all the contesting candidates the date, time and place for the formal scrutiny of nomination papers.

(iii) Recognition to Political Parties: Election Commision give recognition to the political parties as all India Parties or Regional parties on the basis of the votes received by them in the last general elections.

(iv) Supervision : It supervises the election machinery throughout the country to ensure ” that elections are held in a free and fair manner.

Question 5.
With reference to the Local Self-Government (Rural), explain the following questions:
(a) Explain any two functions of Panchayat Samiti.
(b) State the composition of Gram Panchayat.
(c) What do you mean by ‘Gram Sabha’?
(a) The Panchayat Samiti meets at regular intervals to take stock of the activities and discuss developmental matters of local interest. The two functions of the Panchayat Samiti are as follows :

(i) Delegated functions : The delegated functions include implementation and coordination of policies of development as determined by the state government. It is through the samitis that the state government implements the developmental projects at the grass-root level and associates the people with such activities through schemes like Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana, Indira Awas Yojana, Integrated Rural  Development Programme (IRDP)

(ii) Community development function : The function of community development includes the planning and implementation of social welfare programmes especially in the fields of agriculture, irrigation, education, etc. Through this programme, the Samiti gets a chance to tackle the peculiar problems of the area and provides an opportunity to implement the developmental projects for the area.

(iii) Supervision function : The duty of coordinating and supervising the work of Gram Panchayat rests with the Panchayat Samiti. It also scrutinizes the budget of the Panchayats and proposes necessary changes in it.

(b) The members of Gram Panchayat are elected by the Gram Sabha. The Pradhan (President) and the Vice – President of the Gram Sabha are the ex-officio members of the Gram Panchayat. Only those persons can become members of the Panchayat:

• Who attain an age prescribed.
• Who are registered voters in the panchayat area.
• Mentally sound people.
• Who are not disqualified under any law.

Panchayat does not means that it will have only five members. The number of members varies from state to state. The state government determines the number of Panch according to proportion of the village.

(c) Gram Sabha is a grass-root organization, comprising of all the adult population of the village. In other words, it is the general body consisting of all the voters, residing in the jurisdiction of a Gram Panchayat, which extends over one village or a group of villages. The Gram Sabha elects the ‘Gram Pradhan’ for the tenure of 5 years.

Section – B
(Attempt any three questions from this section)

Question 6.
With reference to the Gupta Period in the 4th – 5th centuries A.D, explain the following questions:
(a) Explain the contributions of the writers and poets during the Gupta Period.
(b) Who was the founder of the Nalanda university? Where was it located in India? When was it established ?
(c) What do you know about the Nalanda university?
(a) The contributions of the writers and poets during the Gupta Period were as follows:

(i) India witnessed a great advancement in the field of literature under the Gupta monarchs.

(ii) The Guptas made Sanskrit as their court language and wrote all their documents and inscriptions in the same language.

(iii) Kalidasa was the greatest Sanskrit poet and dramatist that India had ever produced. The four major poetic work of Kalidasa are Raghuvamsha, Ritusamhara, Kumara- sambhava. and Meghaduta. The three popular dramas of kalidasa are Vikramorvasiyam, Malavikagnimitram. and Abhijhanasakuntalam.

(iv) Visakhadatta, the renowned author of Mudrarakshasa, was another great poet and dramatist of the Gupta period.

(v) Harisena, the renowned author of the famous poem ‘Prashasti’ inscribed on the Allahabad Pillar was another great poet of that period, who flourished during the reign of Samudragupta.

(vi) Amarasimha, the author of the famous ‘Amarkosa’ also belonged to the Gupta period.

(vii) Bharavi, the author of ‘Kiratarjuniya’ is also flourished during the Gupta period.

(viii)Sudraka was another great author of the Gupta period. He was the author of ‘Mrcchakatika’.
(ix) It was during the Gupta period that the great Tanchtantra’ a storehouse of wonderful stories was written.

(b) The Nalanda University was founded by the Gupta ruler, Kumaragupta I, son of Chandragupta-EL It is situated at Rajgir in Bihar. The Nalanda University was established in the 5th century A.D.

(c) The salient features of Nalanda University are as follows :

• The university had 10 temples, many classrooms, meditation centers and a big library.
• Initially it was a Buddhist monastery but later became a university.
• Subjects like Hinduism, logic, astronomy, grammar were taught at Nalanda University and it attracted students from all over India and neighbouring countries.
• It flourished under the rule of the Guptas and was later patronized by Harshavardhan.
• It acted as a guiding light to people up to the 12th century A.D.

Question 7.
With reference to emergence of composite culture, explain the following questions :
(a) Explain the impact of Sufism in your own words.
(b) Explain the meaning of the Bhakti Movement.
(c) Enumerate the similarities between Bhakti and Sufi saints.
(a) The impact of Sufism can be understood in the following manner :
(i) It propagated the spirit of universal brotherhood among Hindus and Muslims.
(ii) It played a significant role in propagating feelings of tolerance among the Muslim rulers.
(iii) It spawned the feelings of religious syncretism among its disciples.
(iv) A number of Sufi principles had similarity with those of the Bhakti cult. Hence, it led to the popularity of the Bhakti Movement.

(b) The meaning of the word ‘Bhakti’ is ‘Devotion to God.’ The movement originated as a reaction against ritualism and caste division in India. The Bhakti movement was started by the Saivite and Vaishnava saints of South India in the 8th century and became very popular in the 11th and 12th centuries. They were known as Nayanars and Alvars respectively and they preached ‘personal devotion to God as a means to reach God.’

(c) The similarities between Bhakti and Sufi Saints are :
(i) Emphasized on salvation through love and devotion to the supreme God
(ii) Condemned rituals and idol worship
(iii) Composed devotional songs in local languages that were understood by people
(iv) Criticized social barriers of caste, class, religion and challenged orthodoxy

Question 8.
With reference to the Industrial Revolution, study^ the picture and answer the following questions :

(a) Identify the instrument in the above picture.
(b) Who was the founder of the instrument? When was it founded?
(c) State the importance of the instrument in reference to the Industrial Revolution.
(a) The name of the instrument given in the above picture is Steam Engine.
(b) James Watt invented the Steam Engine in 1775.
(c) It is noted that water and wind were earlier used for running machines, neither of them was a dependable source of energy. Besides, these sources of energy could not be used for running large factories. The use of these energy sources to run big factories became possible with the invention of the Steam engine by James Watt in 1775. This discovery of steam as a power source spurred the growth of the Industrial Revolution. While steam to run locomotives was introduced in A.D. 1813, railway trains started running with help of steam in A.D. 1830, leading to the initiation of the Industrial Revolution.

Question 9.
With reference to the Chola Dynasty, explain the following questions:
(a) Explain in your words about the provincial Government of the Chola Dynasty.
(b) Who granted a village at Nagapattinam in the Malay Peninsula to a Buddhist vihara? What was the name of the vihara?
(c) Explain the contribution of Rajendra Chola in reference to conquest and consolidation of territories.
(a) The Ghola kingdom was divided into several provinces known as Mandalams. Each province was placed under the charge of a Viceroy. The provinces were further sub divided into kottams. Each kottam was sub divided into a number of districts or nadus. All these territorial divisions had their respective assemblies comprising of notable persons. The assembly of Mandalam was consulted before taking any decision such as exemption of land revenue because of severe drought in the province.

(b) Rajaraja-I granted a village to a Buddhist monastery at Nagapattinam in the Malay Peninsula. The name of the vihara is ‘Chudamani Vihara’.

(c) Rajendra Chola I, the son of Rajaraja Chola I, the great Chola king of South India, succeeded his father in 1014 C.E. as the Chola emperor. During his reign, he extended the influences of the vast Chola Empire to the banks of the river Ganga in the north and across the ocean. Rajendra’s territories extended to coastal Burma, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Maldives, conquering the kings of Srivijaya (Sumatra, Java, and Malaya in South-East Asia) and the Pegu islands with his fleet of ships. He defeated Mahipala, the Pala king of Bengal and Bihar.

To commemorate his victory, he built a new capital called Gangaikonda Cholapuram. Rajendra stood as the first Indian king to take his armies overseas. He also built a temple for Shiva at Gangaikonda Cholapuram, similar in design to the Thanjavur Brihadisvara temple built by Rajaraja Chola. He assumed the titles Parakesari and Yuddhamalla.

Question 10.
With reference to the Delhi Sultanate, explain the following questions:
(a) Explain any two projects undertaken by Muhammad Bin Tughlaq during his regime.
(b) Explain the revenue reforms of Ala-ud-din Khilji.
(c) What do you understand by the terms ‘Sijda’ and ‘Paibos’?
(a) In this segment, ‘Transfer of Capital’ and ‘Token Currency’ projects will be discussed in detail.
(i) Transfer of Capital: In A.D. 1327, Tughlaq passed an order to shift the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad (in present-day Maharashtra) in the Deccan region of south India to establish control over the fertile land of the Deccan plateau and to create a more accessible capital since his empire had grown more in the south. He also felt that it would make him safe from the Mongol invasions, which were mainly aimed at Delhi and regions in north India. Delhi was in the grip of severe famine during that period. All facilities were provided for those who were required to migrate to Daulatabad. The general public of Delhi was not in favour of shifting the base to Daulatabad. After couple of years, he decided to abandon Daulatabad as he could not control north India from Delhi.

(ii) In AD 1329 Muhammad-bin Tughlaq had introduced bronze tanka instead of Silver tankas due to shortage of silver. This experiment failed owing to the circulation of fake or forged coins an a large scale that caused chaos in commerce and trade. The currency became devalued and later it was withdrawn from the market.

(b) Ala-ud-din Khilji implemented a number of revenue and taxation measures which aimed at establishing an authoritative and despotic state. Some of the measures are as under—
(i) He brought all the land of his kingdom under his direct control and introduced the practice of measuring the land and fixing the state share accordingly.
(ii) He revoked all land grants made as gifts to muslim clerics or muslim landlords.
(iii) He increased the land revenue from one third to one half to be paid in cash.

(c) The customs of Sijda and Paibos were introduced by Balban, the most powerful ruler of the slave dynasty. Sijda means bending in front of the king and worshipping him while Paibos means kissing the feet of the king.

## ICSE Class 9 History and Civics Sample Question Paper 2 with Answers

Part-I
(Attempt all questions from this part)

Question 1.
(a) When was the Draft Constitution published ?
(b) Who was the first President of the independent Indian Union ?
(c) Who said that the Constitution lays down the pattern of our political society ?
(d) Which Article abolished the practice of untouchability in any form ?
(e) Which Article prohibits traffic in human beings and other forms of forced labour ?
(f) What does Election mean ?
(g) What does Constituency mean ?
(h) Which Indian state was the first to implement the Panchayati Raj system on October 2nd 1959 at the village Nagav ?
(i) Who is the head of the Gram Panchayat ?
(j) Which scheme encourages self-employment to small artisans ?
(a) The Draft Constitution was published on 26th February, 1948.
(b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first President of the Independent Indian Union.
(c) Chief Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah said that the Constitution lays down the pattern of our political society.
(d) Article 17 abolished the practice of untouchability in any form.
(e) Article 23 prohibits trafficking in human beings and other forms of forced labour.
(f) Election means choosing or selecting representatives to form a government.
(g) During the time of elections, a State or the entire country is divided into smaller geographical units, called constituency.
(h) Rajasthan was the first state to implement Panchayati Raj system on October 2nd, 1959 at the village Nagav.
(i) Sarpanch is the head of the Gram Panchayat.
(j) Nehru Rozgar Yojna scheme encouraged self-employment opportunities for small artisans and educated unemployed in rural areas.

Question 2.
(a) Where were the copper or bronze models of carts with seated drivers excavated?
(b) Name the staple food of the Harappan people.
(c) What was the old name of River Chenab ?
(d) What does Ashokan Rock Edict III signify ?
(e) Which Sangam text reflects on the Chera Dynasty and helps in fixing the chronological position of the kings ?
(f) Name the General of Muhammad Ghori who ravaged the Nalanda University.
(g) Which Delhi sultan died of a sudden fall from the horse while playing Chaugan or polo ?
(h) Who invented the Spinning Jenny in 1765 ?
(i) Name the reformer who declared that the Pope was not the Christ’s representative on earth, but an anti-Christ.
(j) Name the author of the epic poem ‘Divine Comedy’.
(a) The copper or bronze models of carts with seated drivers were excavated at Harappa and Chanhu-Daro.
(b) Wheat and Barley formed the staple diet of the Harappan people.
(c) The old name of River Chenab was Asikni.
(d) The Ashokan Rock Edict HI propagated the concept of Dhammavijay.
(e) Pathitripathu is the Sangam text that reflects on the Chera Dynasty and helps in fixing die chronological position of the kings.
(f) Muhammad-bin-Bakhtiyar Khalji was the General of Muhammad Ghori who ravaged the Nalanda University.

(g) Qutub ud-din Aibak, the first sultan of the Delhi Sultanate, died of a sudden fall from the horse while playing Chaugan or polo.
(h) James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny in AD 1764.
(i) John Wycliffe was an influential reformer who declared that the Pope was not the Christ’s representative on earth, but an anti-Christ.
(j) Dante Alighieri wrote the epic poem ‘Divine Comedy’.

Part -II
Section – A
(Attempt any two questions from this part)

Question 3.
With reference to the local self-government (rural), answer the following questions :
(a) Describe the eligibility criteria to become a member of the Gram Panchayat.
(b) Who recommended the three-tier system of Panchayati Raj and when ?
(c) State three main functions of the Gram Sabha.
(a) A person must fulfill the following criteria to become a member of the Gram Panchayat :

• His name should appear in the electoral roll of any constituency in the Panchayat;
• He has completed his 21 years of age (on the date of filing of nomination);
• In the case of a seat reserved for women, such person is a woman;
• He should be mentally sound and has not been disqualified under any other provisions of this Act.

(b) In 1956, under the directions of the National Development Council, a committee was constituted under the chairmanship of Balwant Rai Mehta. He recommended the development of a three-tier Panchayati Raj system.

(c) Three main functions of the Gram Sabha are as follows :

• It keeps an eye on the working of Gram Panchayat, which is the administrative body of the Gram Sabha.
• It elects Gram Pradhan (Sarpanch) and other members of the Gram Panchayat.
• It prevents the Gram Panchayat from wrong doing and can seek clarifications from the Sarpanch and Panches regarding any particular decision, implementation of scheme, income, expenditure etc.

Question 4.
With reference to the Elections in India, answer the following questions :
(a) Name the first and the present Election Commissioner of India.
(b) Differentiate between General and By-elections in India.
(c) State three functions of Election Commission in India.
(a) Sukumar Sen (1950-53) was the first Chief Election Commissioner and Om Prakash Rawat (January, 2018-present) is the present Chief Election Commissioner of India.

(b)

 General Election By-Election General elections are the elections which are commonly organized in all or most of the constituencies at the same time in the country or state. By-election refers to the election held in one constituency for the seat falling vacant owing to the death or resignation of the member. It aims to choose the government. It aims to fill the vacant seat. Election of the representative is for a fixed term. Election of the representative is for the remaining term.

(c) The functions of Election Commission in India are as follows :
(i) Electoral Rolls : Election commission prepares electoral rolls and get them revised before every election so as to add the name of those who have turned 18 years and to remove the name of those who have moved out of a contituency.

(ii) Recognition to Political Parties: Election commission gives recognition to the political parties as all India Parties or Regional Parties on the basis of the votes received by them in the last general election.

(iii) Supervision : It supervise the election machinery throughout the country to ensure that the elections are held in a free and fair manner.

(iv) Scrutiny of Nomination Papers : The Election commission examines the nomination paper of the candidates. These papers are accepted if found in order, but rejected otherwise. This duty is performed by the Returning Officer who notifies to all the contesting candidates, the date, time and place for the formal scrutiny of nomination papers.

Question 5.
With reference to the Local Self-Government (urban), answer the following questions :
(a) Explain the composition of Municipal Corporation.
(b) Elucidate three important functions of Mayor of the Municipal Corporation.
(c) State the eligibility criteria for contesting Municipal Corporation Elections.
(a) Composition of the Municipal Corporation is generally vested in the hands of a council and the corporation is known to exercise its powers through a proper structure which includes :
(i) General Council
(ii) The Standing Committee
(iii) The Mayor
(iv) Municipal Commissioner

(i) General Council: The General council is composed of members known as municipal councillors. Depending on the population of the city, the State Government determines the number of seats in the General council and thus, the size of this council can vary from one place to another. With respect to the population, a proportion of the seats are also reserved for the SC’s and ST’s and one third of the total number of seats are reserved for women.

(ii) The Standing Committee : A standing committee is a committee consisting of Members of Parliament. Each standing committee handles a specific area viz, Finance, Taxation and Budget, Transport, Engineering, Water supply, Health Education services, Plan for Economic Development etc., for the well being of the weaker sections.

(iii) The Mayor : The Mayor is the head of the municipal corporation. The mayor is usually elected for a term of one year and can also be re-elected yearly for the five year tenure of the corporation. Mayor performs various function such as, maintaining discipline and decorum in the meetings, fixing the agenda of discussion for the meetings, acting as a link between Corporation and Union or the State Government.

(iv) Municipal Commissioner : The State Government appoints the Municipal Commissioner, who is the Chief Executive officer of the Corporation. The tenure of Municipal Commissioner is for five years but can be dismissed by the Government prior to the scheduled time. He performs various functions such as, controlling and administering the corporation, implementing the rules, policies and decisions of the Corporation, preparing budgets and making estimations that are to be presented before General Council.

(b) Three important functions of the Mayor of the Municipal Corporation are as follow :
(i) Presiding over the Corporation’s meeting and regulating the conduct of business.
(ii) Securing reports of the different programmes and projects from the Municipal Commissioner which is undertaken by the Corporation.
(iii) Acting as a link between, the Corporation and the Union or the State Government.

(c) The eligibility criteria for contesting the Municipal Corporation Elections are as follows :
(i) He/she should be a registered voter in the area of the Municipal Corporation.
(ii) He/she must have attained the age of 21 years.
(iii) He/she should not hold any office of profit under State Government or any of the local bodies of the State Government.
(iv) Prior to the filing of his nomination papers, he/she is expected to resign from his/her current post.

Section – B
(Attempt any three questions from this section)

Question 6.
With reference to the Harappan Civilization, answer the following questions :
(a) State the significance of the Harappan seals.
(b) Explain three reasons behind the decline of the Harappan Civilization.
(c) Write a note on the drainage system of the Harappan Civilization.
The significance of the Harappan seals can be enumerated as follows :
(i) The seals of the Indus Valley Civilization are the authentic sources of information about the culture of the Harrappan people. Some seals have human or- animal figures on them. Most of the seals have the figures of real animals, whilst a few seals have borne the figures of mythical animals. The seals are rectangular, circular or even cylindrical in shape.

(ii) The Indus seals have an inscription of a sort of pictorial writing. It is said that these seals were used by different associations or merchants for stamping purposes. They were also worn round the neck or the arm.

(iii) The seals reflect the culture and civilization of the Indus Valley people. In particular, they indicate :
1. Dresses, ornaments, hair-styles of people.
2. Skill of artists and sculptors.
3. Religious beliefs.
4. Script.

(b) Three reasons behind the decline of the Harappan Civilization are as follows :
(i) It is commonly believed that the Aryans were the next settlers. They were skilled fighters, so their attack might have led to the destruction of the Harappan Civilization. The human skeletons remains found during excavation of Indus valley point towards some violent cause of their deaths. ‘

(ii) Owing to this conflict, the theory of a huge climatic change or natural disaster gained credibility. It has been found out that around 2000 BC some major climatic changes started occurring in the Indus Valley. These changes had led to floods in the plains and cities. Historians have found evidence to prove this theory as well.

(iii) There was a fall in the average rainfall in the cities leading to the formation of desert-like condition. This led to the decline in agriculture on which most of the trade was dependent. As per some scholars, the reason of the decline is the change in the course of River Ghaggar-Hakkra that had led to an increase in aridity of the place.

(c) The most striking feature of the Harappan civilization is that Indus Valley people had constructed their drainage system on very scientific lines. House drains emptied themselves into the main drains which ran under the main streets and below many lanes. The Harappan people well knew that such drains were not to be left open.

The drainage system and drains were covered with bricks or stones and were provided with main holes to facilitating proper inspection and cleaning. Every care was taken that the house-wives did not throw refuse or dirt in the drains. Every house had its own soak- pit, which collected all the sediments and allowed only the water to flow into the street drain. The elaborate drainage system of the Harappan people shows that they were highly concerned about health and sanitation.

Question 7.
(a) Explain the Karma theory as espoused by Gautama Buddha.
(b) Elucidate the Eight-Fold Path of Buddhism as advocated by Gautama Buddha.
(c) State the difference between Jainism and Buddhism.
(a) Gautama Buddha had a complete faith in the theory of Karma. The condition in which a man lives his present life and the deeds he performs, might decide the course of his life in the next birth and he has to face the consequences of his actions. Buddha believed that man is master of his own destiny and he also believed in the theory of re-birth. Since all ill deeds of man can be punished, it is better to take the middle path in life and decide upon the course of one’s birth in the next life.

(b) Buddha taught the eight-fold path in virtually all his discourses. The Noble Eight-Fold Path has been described below :

• Right understanding (Samma ditthi)
• Right thought (Samma sankappa)
• Right speech (Samma vaca)
• Right action (Samma kammanta)
• Right livelihood (Samma ajiva)
• Right effort (Samma vayama)
• Right mindfulness (Samma sati)

(c)

 Buddhism Jainism Gautama Buddha (bom as Prince Siddhartha) was the founder of Buddhism. Vardhamana Mahavira was the founder of Jainism. The Buddhist text is in Pali. Most of the Jain text is in Sanskrit and Prakrit. Reaching Enlightenment or Nirvana, following the Noble Eight-fold Path is the way to attain salvation. Goal is to free the soul from bondages of Karma, which results in misery due to many re-births and deaths. Once the soul is free from these bondages, it achieves Nirvana and becomes perfect soul free from all attachments in an internal blissful state.

Question 8.
With reference to the Chola Empire, answer the following questions :

(a) Identify the following temple. When and where was it built ?
(b) Which temple is it considered to be similar to ? What do the chola inscriptions in the temple shed light upon ?
(c) State the architectural features of this temple.
(a) The temple depicted in the image is the famous Brihadishwara or Rajarajeshwara temple at Tanjore.

(b) It is considered to be similar to the temple at Thanjavur (formerly Tanjore). The Chola inscriptions inform that the temples were the centres of social activity. During the time of festivals, the wealthy showered large offerings and donations on the temples which were used for maintaining and decorating the temple.

(c) The architectural features of this temple are as follows-:
(i) The Brihadishwara temple consists of a pillared portico and an assembly hall known as Mandapas and many sub-shrines. The inner Mandapas are the most significant part of the temple. The mandapas are divided into different levels with the help of sculptures and pilasters.

(ii) Idols of “Ashta-dikpaalakas” or guardians of directions are found in the Brihadishwara temple making it one of the rarest temples in India. Six feet tall statues of Agni, Varuna, Indra, Yama, Vayu, Isana, Kubera and Nirriti have been placed in a separate temple.

(iii) The topmost structure of the temple known as “Kumbam” is also carved out of a single granite stone. There are two gateways, known as “Gopuras” on the eastern side of the temple to enter. The bronze image of Lord Shiva as ‘Nataraja’ or Lord of Dance displays grace and vigor and has been considered as the ‘cultural epitome’ of the Chola period.

Question 9.
With reference to Sufism, Bhakti Movement and Christianity, answer the following questions :
(a) Write a short note on Ajmer Sharif Dargah.
(b) State the difference between Sufism and Bhakti Movement.
(c) Who was St. Francis Xavier ?
(a) Ajmer Sharif Dargah is a Sufi shrine of the Sufi saint, Moinuddin Chisti, which is located in Ajmer, Rajasthan India. The shrine has the grave (Maqbara) of the revered saint, Moinuddin Chisti.

Ajmer Sharif Dargah is 2 kilometres-(1.2 mile) away from the main central Ajmer railway station and situated at the foot of the Taragarh hill. It consists of several white marble buildings arranged around two courtyards, including a massive gate donated by the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Akbari Mosque, built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.

It contains the domed tomb of the saint. Akbar and his queen used to come here from Agra every year in observance of a vow when he prayed for a son.

 Sufism Bhakti Movement Sufism was a popular mystic or esoteric movement that gained popularity in the Islamic community. The Bhakti Movement was a popular mystic movement, which was popular among the Hindus of Bengal. Sufi saints sang Qawwalis- a form of music to inspire religious devotion and instruction. The saints of the Bhakti Movement sang bhajans to worship Gods and Goddesses. With the advent of the Islam in the early 8th century, Sufi mystic traditions became more visible in the 10th and 11th centuries during Delhi Sultanate. The development of the Bhakti cult first began in South India in the 7th-8th century in order to bridge the gulf between the Shaivas and Vaishnavas people.

(c) St. Francis Xavier was one of the 12 apostles of Christ and had all the virtues necessary for a missionary.
In AD 1542, he came to India with the Portuguese Viceroy of Goa and immediately undertook the task of influencing the Goan people. He went from street to street to spread the message of Jesus Christ, asking people to attend his meeting and listen to his sermons. Though he did not master the local language, he took the help of Goan scholars and translated the Creed, the Lord’s Prayer, the Ten Commandments and the Ave Maria. He built nearly 40 churches along the coast.

He intensively catechized paravars, children and baptized the inhabitants of 30 villages. He then focused on converting the king of Travancore to Christianity and also visited Ceylon (present day Sri-Lanka). Against the wishes of the Portuguese Viceroy, he proceeded to China to spread Christianity. He died from fever on 2 December, A.D. 1552 in the Sancian Island, China. His relics are kept in a glass container encased in a silver casket in Basilica of bon Jesus church at Goa.

Question 10.
With reference to the Mughal Empire, answer the following questions :
(a) What is Mansabdari System ?
(b) Which Mughal Emperor established the Jama Masjid ? When and where it was established ?
(c) Name the supreme architectural monument of Shah Jahan’s reign. Explain the architectural features of Taj Mahal.
(a) The Mansabdari system was made up of a group of Mansabdars, who were the officials of the Mughal Empire. These officers were, given specific rank or mansab either in the bureaucracy, military hierarchy or the nobility. The lowest rank was 10 while the highest was 5000 and these ranks had two divisions. First was Zat, which indicated the status of a person and how much he is to be paid, while the other, Sowar, stands for the designated amount of cavalrymen, he had to maintain. Like for every 10 cavalrymen, 20 horses were to be kept.
(b) The Mughal Emperor, Shah Jahan established the Jama Masjid in Delhi during A.D. 1650-56.
(c) Taj Mahal is one of the supreme accomplishments of the Mughal Empire. Shah Jahan build this grand mausoleum in the memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal on the bank of river Yamuna.

The architectural features of Taj Mahal are :
(i) It is made of pure white marble.
(ii) It stands on a raised platform and is surmounted by cupolas at each comer.
(iii) The bulbous dome in the centre has the appearance of an inverted lotus. There are four smaller domes at the four comers of the building.
(iv) The four minarets at each comer of the terrace are decorated with beautiful cupolas and pinnacles.
(v) The outer wall and the interior walls of tomb are richly decorated with flawless sculptures and inlaid design of flower and calligraphy.

## ICSE Class 9 History and Civics Sample Question Paper 1 with Answers

(M.M : 80)
(2 Hours )

Genaral Instruction

• Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
• You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
• This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
• The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
• Attempt all questions from Part I (Compulsory). A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II, two out of three questions from section A and three out of five questions from Section B.
• The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

Part -1 [30 Marks]
(Attempt all questions from this Part)

Question 1.
(a) Name the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution. [1]
(b) When did the Constitution of India come into effect ? [1]
(c) Name the Fundamental Right that prohibits ‘Forced Labour’. [1]
(d) What is meant by the term ‘Single Citizenship’ ? [11
(e) State the meaning of the term ‘Directive Principles of State Policy’. [1]
(f) Mention any one point of difference between ‘Direct’ and ‘Indirect’ Elections. [1]
(g) What is the term of office of the Chief Election Commissioner ? [1]
(h) Mention any one Fundamental Duty as given in the Indian Constitution. [1]
(i) Mention any one function of the Zila Parishad. [1]
(j) Name the elected head of Municipal Corporation. [1]
(a) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution.

(b) The Constitution of India came into effect on 26th January, 1950.

(c) Prohibition of Human Trafficking and Forced Labour (Article 23) is the Fundamental Right that prohibits ‘forced labour’ or beggar. Forced labour or beggar means making a person work against his will and not paying him his wages.

(d) In India, the concept of ‘single citizenship’ prevails, which means that an Indian citizen cannot be a citizen of another country. Citizens of other countries cannot take Indian citizenship. The citizens in India owe allegiance only to the union and there is no other state citizenship.

(e) The Directive Principles of the State Policy are the instructions or guidelines to the Central and State governments of India to be kept in mind while framing laws and policies. These provisions are contained in part IV (Article 36 to 51) of the Constitution of India. Indian Directive Principles have been inspired by the Directive Principles stated in the constitution of Ireland. It also follow the principles of Gandhism.

(f)

 Direct Election Indirect Election The Constitution provides for the system of direct election of the members of the Lok Sabha and legislative assembly of every state by the eligible voters. In India, the President is indirectly elected by an Electoral College which consists of the elected members of the two houses of the Parliament as well as of the State Legislative Assemblies.

(g) The term of office of Chief Election Commissioner is 6 years or up to 65 years of age, which ever is earlier.

(h) An important fundamental duty that is inscribed in the Constitution of India, is to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wild-life and to have compassion for living creatures.

(i) Zila Parishad is responsible for undertaking many developmental functions like poverty eradication programme, irrigation schemes, rural electrification, and managing Public Distribution System (PDS).

(j) The Mayor is the elected head of the Municipal Corporation.

Question 2.
(a) State any two ways in which the script of the Indus Valley Civilization provides us with valuable historical information. [2]
(b) Name the Epics written during the Later Vedic period. [2]
(c) Who were the founders of Jainism and Buddhism ? [2]
(d) List any two sources of information about the Mauryan Empire. [2]
(e) What are Megaliths ? [2]
(f) Mention any two works of Kalidasa. [2]
(g) State any two architectural features of Qutab Minar. [2]
(h) Mention any two reasons to state that the decline of Feudalism led to the rise of the Renaissance. [2]
(i) What was known as the Letter of Indulgence ? [2]
(j) Define the term Industrial Revolution. [2]
(a) The two ways in which the script of the Indus Valley Civilization provides us with valuable historical information are as follow :

• The Indus script gives us an idea that Harappan people had a language of their own.
• The Indus script also reflects on the commercial activities of the people.

(b) Ramayana and Mahabharata are the epics written during the later vedic period.

(c) Vardhamana Mahavira was the founder of Jainism and Gautama Buddha was the founder of Buddhism.

(d) Two important sources of information about the Maurya Empire are ‘Indika’ written by Megasthenes and ‘Arthshastra’ written by Kautilya.

(e) A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a grave or monument, either alone or together with other stones. The construction of these structures took place mainly in the Neolithic Age and continued into the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.

(f) Two phenomenal works of Kalidasa are Abhijnanashakuntalam and Kumarasambhava.

(g) Two architectural features of Qutab Minar are as follows :

• It is a circular tower which has the height of 72.5 metres.
• It has five storeys tapering as they ascend and separated from each other by projecting balconies.
• Red sandstone, marble and grey quartizite were used to construct the tower. It is the highest stone tower in India.

(h) Two reasons that describe the decline of Feudalism led to the rise of the Renaissance are as follows :(i) The one major factor which played a dominant role in the decline of feudalism and the rise of Renaissance was with the increase in trade the demand for luxury products increase which results in the exploitation of the serfs (slaves).
(ii) The slaves deserted cultivation and flocked to the newly developed town which resulted in the collapse of the feudal structure.

(i) The issue of letters of indulgence was a very common practice in the Catholic Church just before the reformation. After confessing or doing other godly work, the faithful received a decree exempting them from punishment for their sins. Letters of indulgence were bought en masse on certain occasions.

(j) Industrial Revolution took place during 18th and 19th centuries. It signifies a series of revolutionary changes that took place in the field of industry and production. Manual production was replaced by mechanised production.

Part -II
Section- A
(Attempt any two questions from this Section)

Question 3.
With reference to the salient features of the Indian Constitution, answer the following
(a) Define the term ‘Constitution’. State any two reasons for its significance. [3]
(b) State any three freedoms given under the ‘Right to Freedom’. [3]
(c) Mention any two differences between the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy. [3]
(a) A Constitution is a comprehensive documents comprising of laws and rules, according to which a state is governed. It is also known as fundamental law of land.

Four reasons of the significance of the Constitution are as follows :
(i) The primary function of a Constitution is to lay out the basic structure of the government according to which the people are to be governed. The constitution of a country, establishes the three main organs of the government, namely, the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.

(ii) The Constitution of a country not only defines the powers allotted to each of the three main organs, but it also significantly makes a clear demarcation of the responsibilities assigned to each of them. It effectively regulates the relationship between these organs and collective interests.

 Fundamental Rights Directive Principles of State Policies Fundamental Rights are the essential rights of all the citizens of the country. Directive Principles are the guidelines which are referred while formulating policies and laws of the country. It is defined in Part III (Article 12 to 35) of the Constitution. It is defined in Part IV (Article 36-51) of the Constitution They are automatically imposed and no legislation is required for their implementation. They need legislation and policy intervention for the their proper implementation.

Question 4.
Elections play a very significant role in our Indian Democracy.
(a) State the composition of the Election Commission. [3]
(b) Under what circumstances can a ‘By-election’ be held ? [3]
(c) Explain the terms ‘General Election’ and ‘Mid-term Election’. [4]
(a) The Election Commission of India was established under Article 324 of the Constitution. on 25th January 1950. This Article says that the Election Commission in India shall consist of:
(j) A Chief Election Commissioner,
(ii) Other two additional Commissioners, as the President may fix from time to time.
Earlier the Election commission had only one Chief Election Commissioner. The concept of the multi-member Election Commission has been in operation since 1993. The President of India appoints the Chief Election Commissioner and the two additional Election Commissioners.

(b) The By-election is held in case of the death or sudden resignation of any member of the Central Legislative Assembly or the State Legislative Assembly before the expiry of the full term. A By-election is. held to fill up the vacant position thus created. The newly elected member holds the office till the term of the existing government.

(c) General Elections : The general elections are the regular elections conducted after the completion of a period of five years of Lok Sabha and State Assemblies.

Mid-term Elections : Mid-term Election is a type of election that occurs when the full term of five years of State Assemblies or Lok Sabha has not been completed and the house has to be dissolved, this type of election is held to bring a new house in power. But this term holds no major legal significance as the Lok Sabha and state legislative assembly elections are referred to as General Elections, regardless of whether the 5 year term has been completed or not.

Question 5.
(a) State the three-tier system of the Panchayati Raj system. [3]
(b) Give only three functions of a Municipal Committee. [3]
(c) State any two functions of the following : [4]
(i) Gram Panchayat.
(ii) Panchayat Samiti.
(a) As per the 73rd Amendment Act of the Indian Constitution, the Panchayati Raj has a three-tier structure :
(i) Gram Panchayat, Gram Sabha and Nyaya Panchayat at the village level.
(ii) Panchayat Samiti at the block level.
(iii) Zila Parishad at the district level.

(b) Three functions of a Municipal Committee are as following :
(i) Provision of Electricity and Safe Drinking Water : One of the most important functions of Municipal Committee is to provide electricity and safe drinking water for use in domestic as well as commercial circles.
(ii) Provision of Education and Sports Facilities: Setting up primary and secondary schools is another responsibility of the Municipalities. In order to cultivate the aptitude of young boys and girls for sports, this Committee also provides facilities related to games and sports.
(iii) Public Works : This largely includes building of roads, community halls and shopping centers.

(c) (i) The two functions of Gram Panchayat are :
1. Maintenance and construction of roads, drainage, street lights, culverts, foot path, bridges and health care facilities.
2. Registering marriages, birth and death doucuments.

(ii) The two functions of Panchayat Samiti are :
1. It is responsible for providing drinking water in the rural areas, construct and develop rural roads and regulate markets.
2. The Samiti scrutinizes the budget of the Panchayats and proposes necessary changes in it.

Section – B
(Attempt any three questions from this section)

Question 6.
With reference to the Bhakti Movement, Sufism and Christianity, answer the following questions:
(a) Mention the teachings of Kabir as mentioned in the Bijak. [3]
(b) State the significance of Sufism on Indian Society. [3]
(c) State any two contributions of St. Francis Xavier in the advancement of Christianity in India. [4]
(a) The teachings of Kabir was recorded in the book called as Bijak. His main teachings are as follows :
(i) He condemned caste distinction. He emphasised on the equality of religion by describing Hindu and Muslims “as pots made out of same clay”. To him Rama and Allah, temples and mosques are same.
(ii) Devotion to god was regarded as an effective means of salvation.
(iii) One must have pure heart free from dishonesty, insincerity and hypocrisy to reach god.

(b) The importance of Sufism in the Indian society is colossal and cannot be overlooked. The impact of Sufism was that the common people got enchanted by the simple ascetic life style of the saints. The significance of Sufism on the Indian society is as under :
(i) It neutralized the Hindu-Muslim tension in society by promoting the feeling of brother hood.
(ii) The Sufi saints actually Indianized Islam as they lived and preached in India. Moreover, Sufi khankas were centers of moral life.
(iii) Devotional songs were composed there in Urdu and Hindi. Sufi music and dance were considered as manifestation of complete submission to Allah.
(iv) A number of sufi principles had similarity with those of Bhakti cult. It leads to the popularity of the Bhakti movement.

(c) Three significant contributions of St. Francis Xavier in the advancement of Christianity in India are as follows :
(i) His main contribution was that he devoted his life to the task of proselytizing the peoples of Southern India and Ceylon and baptizing them.
(ii) He built nearly 40 churches along the coast, including St. Stephen’s Church, Kombuthurai, mentioned in his letters dated 1544.
(iii) He could not master the local language so he translated the Creed, the Lord’s Prayer, the Ten Commandments and the Ave Maria with the help of the Goan scholars. He requested people to attend his meetings and listen to his sermons.

Question 7.
(a) State any three social changes that came about in the Later Vedic Period in relation to the Position of Women. [3]
(b) State any three occupations that existed during the Vedic Age. [3]
(c) Mention any two similarities in the teachings of Jainism and Buddhism. [4]
(a) Three social changes that came about in the Later Vedic Period in relation to the plight of women are as follows :
(i) In the later Vedic period, women lost their political rights of attending assemblies.
(ii) During this time, the status of women suffered significant decline and women lost the right to property and freedom to choose their husbands.
(iii) Women also lost the right of performing yajnas and other rituals that had hitherto been performed by them during any religious ceremony.

(b) Three occupations that prevailed during the Vedic age are manifold and layered. During the Early Vedic Age, pastoralism and agriculture were the most important occupations. People were also engaged in other economic activities like carpentry, pottery and weaving. During the Later Vedic Age, agriculture has gained importance with the development of iron tools. The trade started to emerge which led to the development of market to enable exchange of goods.

(c) The four similarities of the teachings of Buddhism and Jainism are as follow :
(i) Both denied the authority of the Vedas and the necessity of performing sacrifices and rituals.
(ii) Both Buddhism and Jainism put stress on right conduct and right knowledge and not on religious ceremonial and ritual practices as the way to obtain salvation.
(iii) Both Buddhism and Jainism denied the existence of God.
(iv) Both accepts the disciples from all castes and genders.

Question 8.
Study the picture given below and answer the following questions:
(a) Identify the structure given in the picture. Name the place and the state where it is located. [3]
(b) Name the dynasty and the king who built it. In which century was it built ? [3]
(c) Mention any two architectural features of this structure. [4]

(a) In the picture, the structure shown is known as Sanchi Stupa. This monument is located in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

(b) Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan Empire had built the Stupa in the 3rd Century B.C.

(c) Two architectural features of the structure are as follows :
(i) This monument is a Stupa and it is a huge hemispherical dome with a height of 12.2816.46 m (54.0 ft), comprising a central chamber where the relics of Lord Buddha are placed.
(ii) Four ornamental gateways facing four directions and a balustrade surrounding the Stupa were later added in the first century BC.
(iii) The stupa has a central pillar that supports the three circular umbrella-like discs.
(iv) A circular wall at the circumference of the inner portion of the the Stupa, raises the whole semi-circular structure off the ground.

Question 9.
With reference to the Modem Age in Europe, answer the following questions :
(a) How did the invention of the Printing Press lead to the rise of the Renaissance in Europe ? [3]
(b) State any three contributions of Martin Luther in reforming the Church in Europe. [3]
(c) Mention any two differences between ‘Capitalism’ and ‘Socialism’. [4]
(a) The invention of the printing press act as the most significant factor for the rise of Renaissance. In the middle ages the books and the manuscripts has to be copied manually, so the cost of the books were very high. With the invention of the printing press, books are made available on various topics in large numbers, at a very low price. With the spread of knowledge people developed self-confidence which brings new awakening in Europe.

(b) Three contributions of Martin Luther in reforming the Church in Europe are as follows :
(i) Martin Luther protested against the rigidities or absurdities of the Catholic Church, such as the Letters of Indulgence.
(ii) He wrote down his reformative ideas in a book, entitled ‘Ninety-Five Theses’ as a protest against the Catholic Church.
(iii) Martin Luther attempted to translate the Bible from Latin and Hebrew into German so that everybody could read and understand the bible.

 Capitalism Socialism 1. Capitalism refers to the economic system prevalent in the country, where there is private or corporate ownership on the trade and industry. 2. It is based on the Principle of Individual Rights. 3. Prices are determined by the market forces. 1. The economic structure in which the government has ownership and control over the economic activities of the country is refered to as Socialism. 2. It is based on the Principle of Equal Rights. 3. Prices are determined by the government.

Question 10.
With reference to the impact of the Renaissance in the field of Literature, Art and Science, state the contributions of :
(a) Leonardo da Vinci in the field of Art. [3]
(b) William Shakespeare in the field of Literature. [3]
(c) Copernicus in the field of Astronomy.
(a) In the field of Art, Leonardo Da Vinci was a polymath and a versatile genius. He was a brilliant painter, sculptor and artist of high stature. As far as his painting skills are concerned, the Mona Lisa was the most famous and most parodied portrait and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all time. Leonardo’s drawing of the Vitruvian Man is also regarded as a cultural icon. Leonardo-is admired, for his technological ingenuity. He conceptualised flying machines, a type of armoured fighting vehicle, concentrated solar power, an adding machine and -the double hull.

(b) In the field of Literature, the name of William Shakespeare will be inscribed in golden letters on the pages of the history of World Literature. He was the greatest playwright, poet and writer. Out of his classical works, the most notable are Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar. Apart from them, The Taming of the Shrewd, As you like it, Comedy of Errors, Merchant of Venice and King Lean.

(c) In the field of Astronomy, Copernicus played a crucial role in transforming the knowledge of superstition-ridden medieval society. He questioned the theories of Aristotle and Ptolemy. He suggested that it was the Sim which was the centre of universe and the earth and other planets revolves around the sun. This is called as helio centric idea of universe. The publication of Copernicus’ model in his book De revolution bus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), just before his death in 1543, was a major event in the history of science.

## ICSE Class 9 History and Civics Sample Question Paper 5 with Answers

Part-I
(Attempt all questions from this part)

Question 1.
(a) Who framed the Constitution of India ?
(b) Define the term Preamble ?
(c) Mention any two Fundamental Duties of the citizens as mentioned in the Constitution of India.
(d) What is the purpose of Directive Principles of State policy ?
(e) Who acts as the Chairman of the Election Commission ?
(f) Mention the term of office of the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Corn- missioners.
(g) What is the role of Nyaya Panchayat ?
(h) Give the sources of income of Panchayat Samiti.
(i) Who is the Chief Executive Officer of the Municipal Corporation ?
(j) Mention any two functions of the Mayor of the Municipal Corporation.
(a) The Constituent Assembly framed the Constitution of India.

(b) The Preamble is an introductory statement stating the aims and the objectives of the Constitution. It describes soul and spirit of the Constitution of India.

(c) Out of ten Fundamental Duties of citizens, two are :
(i) To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
(ii) To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.

(d) Part IV (Article 36 to 51) of the Indian Constitution lays down the Directive Principles of State Policy. These principles give direction to the State or the governments to make policies and programmes for social, economic and legal justice of the Indians.

(e) The Chief Election Commissioner acts as the Chairman of the Election Commission.

(f) The Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners stay in the office for six years or until they attain the age of 65 years, whichever is ealier.

(g) The Nyaya Panchayat is formed for three to four villages or even full block of villages to provide speedy and inexpensive justice to the villagers.

(h) The sources of income of Panchayat Samiti are :
(i) Grant given by the State government.
(ii) Income from taxes levied by the Panchayat Samiti.
(iii) A fixed percentage of land revenue.
(iv) Sale and rent of property under the charge of Block Samiti.
(v) Voluntary contributions.
(i) The Municipal Commissioner is the Chief Executive Officer of the Municipal Corpora¬tion.
(j) The Mayor of the Municipal Corporation has many functions, out of which two are :
(i) To regulate, conduct and preside over the meetings of the Corporation.
(ii) To receive the foreign and other dignitaries visiting the city.

Question 2.
(a) Give the extent of Harappan Civilisation.
(b) Explain the differences between the sabha and the samiti of the Early Vedic Age.
(c) Discuss the welfare measures taken by Ashoka under Mauryan Empire.
(d) Write a short note on the literature Tirukkural.
(e) Describe the contribution of Aryabhata in the field of science during the Gupta period.
(f) Where was Nalanda University located ? List the subjects that were taught in Nalanda University and the medium of instruction.
(g) The Cholas were great patrons of art and architecture. Justify with an example.
(h) Give any two teachings of Kabir. Where are his teachings recorded ?
(i) What is the meaning of Renaissance ? Where did Renaissance begin ?
(j) Why did Industrial Revolution first occur in England ?
(a) The Harappan Civilisation extends from the borders of Baluchistan in the west to Uttar Pradesh in the east, north-eastern Afghanistan in the north to Maharashtra in the south. The cities like Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Kot Diji and Chanhudaro are located in Pakistan, while cities like Lothal, Kalibangan, Ropar, Alamgirpur and Banawali are located in India.

(b) Sabha and Samiti are two assemblies. Sabha was a small group of elected members. It consist of distinguished people, who were in direct contact with the king and advised him. The Samiti represented the entire tribe, to whom the people could go to and give them their suggestions.

(c) Ashoka was concerned about his people and took several welfare measures for the comfort of his society. The State built good roads and planted trees along the roads to pro¬vide shade to the travellers. Fruit bearing trees were planted to provide food for the travellers. The rest houses were constructed for travellers to rest. Wells were dug at regu¬lar intervals to provide water for the travellers.

(d) Thirokkurai is a classic Tamil text written by Thiruvalluvar. It consists of 1,330 couplets and emphasise on the values and ethics that people across all societies can follow.

(e) Aryabhata was a great astronomer and a mathematician. It is believed that he found the exact value of n (pi) and the formula to calculate the area of a triangle. He proved that the Earth revolves around the Sim and the Earth rotates on its axis. He also explained the causes of solar and lunar eclipses.

(f) Nalanda University was situated near Rajgriha (Patna) in Bihar. Subjects such as logic, grammar, medicine, astronomy, philosophy, tantra and art were taught. Sanskrit was the medium of instruction.

(g) The Brihadisvara Temple located at Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu is one of the finest examples of Chola art and architecture. Built by Raja Raja Chola I, it is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The main gopuram or the gateway is 30 m high. The temple complex is rectangular, which is divided into five sections and are interconnected. Built out of granite, the vimana tower above the sanctum and is one of the tallest in South India. The temple has a huge structure of nandi (sacred bull) at the entrance. The interior walls of the temple have extensive paintings and magnificent sculptures. The walls of the temple have frescos showing Lord Shiva in different poses. It is declared by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

(h) Two teachings of Kabir are :

• He condemned the caste system.
• He denounced idol worship, meaningless rituals and pilgrimages.

Kabir’s teachings are recorded in the book known as Bijak.
(i) Renaissance means rebirth or revival of free thinking and learning. Renaissance took place in Florence, Italy in Europe. It brought massive changes in Europe and marked the beginning of modem era.
(j) Industrial Revolution first took place in England because of the following reasons :
(i) It was a vast colonial power which had ready market for finished goods and supplier of raw materials.
(ii) It had excellent transport and communication system.
(iii) It had rich reserves of natural resources, like coal, iron and hydro-electric power.
(iv) It had abundant supply of cheap labour and immigration of technically skilled people.

Part -II
Section – A
(Attempt any two questions from this part)

Question 3.
With reference to making of the Indian Constitution, answer the following questions :
(a) How did the Constituent Assembly represent members from all sections of the society ?
(b) Describe the Drafting Committee.
(c) Which day was chosen as the day of enforcement of the Indian Constitution and why ?
(a) The Constituent Assembly represented people from all sections and strata of the Indian society. It was known as ‘Mirror of the Nation’. The members of the Constituent Assembly includes Hindus, Sikhs, Muslims, Anglo-Indians, Christians and Parsis. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were adequately represented in the Constituent Assembly. Women were represented by Mrs. Vijaylakshmi Pandit, Mrs. Sarojini Naidu, Mrs. G. Durgabai and Rajkumari Amrit Kaur. The first sitting of the Constitutent Assembly was held on 9 December, 1946 at the Central Hall of the Parliament.

(b) The Drafting Committee was appointed on August 29,1947 with Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as the Chairman. There were six other members. The first Draft of the Indian Constitution was presented to the Constitutent Assembly on February 21, 1948. It took the Constituent Assembly 2 years, 11 months and 17 days to frame the Constitution.

(c) The Constitution was enforced on January 26, 1950 because it was on this date in 1930 the Indian National Congress made the resolution for Purna Swaraj at Lahore session.

Question 4.
With reference to Election, answer the following questions :
(a) Give the differences between Direct and Indirect Election.
(b) Explain General Election, By-election and Mid-term Election.
(c) Define the term ‘constituency’.
Indirect Election
(a) Voter choose their representatives Voters do not choose their representatives by voting directly directly.
There are usually a large number There are small body of voters which is called of voters called as electorate. as electoral college.

Members of the Lok Sabha, State President, Vice-President, Members of the Legislative Assemblies and local Rajya Sabha and State Legislative Councils bodies are elected by this system. are elected by this system.

(b) General Election : A general election is an election when all the eligible citizens of the country vote for choosing their representatives for the Lok Sabha or State Assemblies from the constituencies all over the country.

By-election : When a representative from a constituency dies while in office or when a seat falls vacant because of reasons like resignation, fresh election is held in that particular constituency. Such an election is known as By-election.

Mid-term Election : When the Lok Sabha or any State Assembly is dissolved before the expiry of its term, a fresh election is held to form a new House. This is known as midterm election.

(c) For the ease of election, the entire country is divided into fixed electoral units with a list of registered voters. These areas are called constituencies. There are candidates repre¬senting the constituency for their political parties who are then voted to the Parliament or the State Legislative Assembly by the voters of the constituency.

Question 5.
With reference to the Local Self Government, answer the following questions :
(a) State any two supervisory functions of the Panchayat Samiti.
(b) What is the composition of Zila Parishad ?
(c) What is the qualification required to become a member of Gram Panchayat ?
(a) Two supervisory functions of the Panchayat Samiti are :
(i) To manage and guide the work of the Gram Panchayats.
(ii) To analyse and review the budget of the Panchayats.

(b) A Zila Parishad consist of 40-60 members comprising of following :
(i) Pradhans of all the Panchayat Samitis in the district.
(ii) Member of Parliament and members of State Assemblies within the area of Jurisdiction.
(iii) One person to represent each of the cooperative societies in that district.
(iv) Representatives of women, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
(v) Deputy Commissioner of the district.
(vi) Supervisor of all the Government departments in the district.

(c) To become a member of Gram Panchayat, following criteria have to be fulfilled :
(i) As per the act, a candidate has to attain the prescribed age.
(ii) The name of the candidate must be registered as a voter in the particular Panchayat area.
(iii) The candidate must be mentally sound.

Section – B
(Attempt any three questions from this section)

Question 6.
With reference to Harappan Civilization, answer the following questions :
(a) Describe the town planning of Harappa.
(b) Give evidences to show that Harappa had trade relations with other countries.
(c) How did Harappan Civilization come to an end ?
(a) The people of Indus Valley were skilled town planners. The city was divided into two main sections : the ‘Citadel’ which was built on a raised platform and had all the official buildings and the ‘Lower Town’, which had the residences. The city had a grid system layout with elaborate drainage system. The streets were straight and cut each other at right angles dividing the entire city into square or rectangular blocks. The comers of the streets were rounded to ease the movement of carts. Fire-burnt bricks were used for paving the streets.

(b) There are evidences to show that Indus Valley Civilisation had trade relations both within the country and outside. It had trade relations with Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), Afghanistan and Baluchistan. Indus Valley seals have been found in these places. They imported precious stones, different metals and other articles from different parts of India, Central Asia and western countries.

(c) It is not certain as to how the Harappan Civilization suddenly came to an end. There are various theories regarding it. The civilization might have met with some natural disasters like earthquakes or floods, or may be river Indus changed its course or direction. Change in climate could have been another reason for its decline. Overgrazing of grass¬lands and the destruction of forests may have degraded the quality of soil and cause ecological imbalance. Some people believe that the invasion by Aryans brought an end to Harappan civilisation.

Question 7.
With reference to Buddhism, answer the following questions :
(a) Give the Eight-fold path of Buddha.
(b) Describe the terms Chaitya and Vihara.
(c) Discuss the role of Ashoka in spreading Buddhism.
(a) The Eight-fold path, also known as the middle path (Ashtangika Marga) of Gautam Buddha, consists of eight principles telling us about striking a balance in life. These are :
(i) Right to faith or belief, that is to give up all the desires in daily life.
(ii) Right aspiration to stay away from earthly evils and meaningless rituals.
(iii) Right speech, that is to speak the truth and not to think bad of others.
(iv) Right action, that is to stay away from theft, violence and luxuries.
(v) Right living, not to deal dishonestly with people.
(vi) Right effort, that is to work towards liberating oneself from sin and for the welfare of others.
(vii) Right meditation, that is to focus on only that which is right.
(viii) Right recollection, that is to think any of sacred things.

(b) Chaityas and Viharas were built from rock-cut caves for Buddhist and Jain monks.
Chaitya : Chaitya was a rectangular hall of worship, with a beautiful inner walls and a semi-circular roof. The hall had long rows of pillars with a stupa at the far end of the chaitya. Meetings were also held in chaityas.
Vihara : Vihara or the monastery was a place of residence for the monks and nuns. It had a central hall and surrounding it has numerous cells, which served as residences. The columns in the viharas were beautifully sculptured, had art work and magnificent paintings.

(c) After the war of Kalinga, Ashoka turned to Buddhism and took steps in spread of Buddhism far and wide.
(i) He visited many places where Buddhism was followed and gave liberal grants.
(ii) He sent missionaries to foreign lands like Sri Lanka, Nepal, Tibet, China and Japan to spread Buddhism.
(iii) He sent his daughter, Sanghamitra and his son, Mahendra to Sri Lanka to spread Buddhism.
(iv) He constructed many Buddhist stupas and Viharas for monks and nuns.
(v) He Placed edicts at many places sharing his valuable information and thoughts on Buddhism.
(vi) He discouraged hunting and started following the policy of non-violence and protecting wildlife.

Question 8.
Study the picture given below and answer the following questions :

(a) Identify the personality shown above. What was his contribution ?
(b) Describe the contribution of Galileo.
(c) Impact of Renaissance on medical science.
(a) This is an image of Sir Isaac Newton. He was an English Mathematician, Astronomer, Theologian, Physicist and an Author. He laid the foundation for modem physical optics and discovered the law of universal gravitation and three laws of motion. He also made significant contribution in the field of mathematics.

(b) Galileo was an Italian Astronomer, Mathematician and’ a Natural Philosopher. Galileo discovered the telescope, thermometer and hydrostatic balance. He proved the heliocentric effect (Sun is at the centre and all other planets revolve around it) as had been explained by Copernicus.

(c) Great advancement was made in the field of medical science during Renaissance. Andreas
Vesalius (1514-1564) is often considered as the founder of modem human anatomy. He wrote the book, De humani corporis fabrica (On the fabric of human body), which was innovative work on human anatomy. He was the first person to explain mechanical ventilation.

William Harvey (1578-1657) described in detail the systematic circulation of blood to the brain and body by the heart. Leonardo da Vinci researched on how human brain processes visual and sensory information and how it connects to the soul. Ambroise Pare (1510-1590), a French surgeon, anatomist and an inventor of surgical instruments experimented to find out how turpentine, egg yolk and oil of roses could be applied to wounds to relieve pain and seal wounds effectively.

Question 9.
The Gupta period is known as the Golden Age of India. With reference to it, answer the following questions :
(a) Discuss the temple architecture of this period.
(b) Give examples to show that painting had reached its heights during this period.
(c) Describe the main features of Gupta sculpture.
(a) The Guptas are said to be the first dynasty to build permanent free-standing Hindu temples and thus, began the long tradition of unique Indian temple architecture. Major change in structure was Shikara (pointed roofs) instead of flat-roofed temples. The walls and pillars were adorned with beautiful carvings and sculptures showing various deities from Hindu mythology. Most temples were square in shape with a courtyard and a square sanctum with a small garbhagriha in the centre.

(b) The art of painting reached its pinnacle during the Gupta period. The rock-cut sculp¬tures at Ajanta caves are one of the finest examples of ancient Indian art. Good quality water colour was used. Wall paintings and frescoes portray life of Buddha and scenes from Jataka stories. It has beautiful designs of flowers, trees, animals, mythological char¬acters, kings, royal ladies, courtiers, peasants and beggars. The paintings carry secular messages and give a perspective of life in ancient India. Ajanta caves are part of UNESCO World Heritage Site. The paintings of Bagh Caves of Madhya Pradesh are also fine ex¬amples of art during Gupta period.

(c) The main features of Gupta sculpture are as follows :
(i) Foreign influence which was seen in Mathura and Gandhara Schools of Art was ceased out as the Gupta rulers brought out a totally new identity in sculpture making which was characteristically Indian.

(ii) Buddha, Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva were depicted in various poses. One of the outstanding examples is the sculpture of standing Buddha in Sarnath. Another example is a gracefully reclining sculpture of Lord Vishnu found in Vishnu Temple, Deogarh, in Uttar Pradesh.

(iii) The sculptures exuded understanding of human body by showing graceful poses and calmness in facial expressions.

Question 10.
With reference to Industrial Revolution, answer the following questions :
(a) Explain the meaning of Socialism.
(b) Capitalism gave rise to Socialism. Justify.
(c) Who was Karl Marx ? What was his main ideology ?
(a) Socialism is a social and economic system that propagates public rather than private ownership or control of property and natural resources.

(b) Socialism was an outcome of capitalism, which arose due tcf Industrial Revolution. Capi-talism led to unequal distribution of income and wealth, exploitation of workers and poverty. As power and wealth were concentrated in the hands of a few, the condition of mass were miserable and they were forced to live in pathetic condition. While the capitalist class earned huge profits, the working class made meagre earnings. Even women and children had to work for as long as fifteen hours in unhealthy environment. With the onset of Industrial Revolution, the cottage industry was destroyed. It could not with stand the competition from machine-made goods. Many people lost their means of livelihood. To a certain extent even the government became a tool in the hands of the capitalists. All these causes led to the birth of Socialism.

(c) Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a German economist, political theorist, historian, journalist and a revolutionary socialist. He was one of the most important personalities in socialist movement. He wanted to end the capitalist system and bring about a classless and stateless society.

## ICSE Class 9 Geography Sample Question Paper 3 with Answers

Question 1.
(a) Differentiate between great circles and small circles.
(b) (i) What is the speed of earth in its journey around the Sun?
(ii) Define Circle of Illumination.
(c) Discuss different types of rock.
(d) Explain the following terms.
(i) Denudation
(ii) Cataract
(e) (i) State one property of jet stream.
(ii) What is the circulation path of jet stream ?
(f) Draw a well labeled diagram of convectional rainfall.
(g) (i) Name any two sources of noise pollution.
(ii) Discuss different effects of pollution on human health.
(h) Name some of the largest areas of temperate grasslands.
(i) Discuss different features of Taiga region.
(j) (i) Name the devices used to measure the wind direction.
(ii) Name the device used to measure the velocity of wind.
(a) A circle that divides the globe or the Earth in two equal parts is called Great Circle. On the other hand, small circle on the globe or Earth is the one that doesn’t divide it in two equal parts. Equator, the 0° catitude is the only great circle and all other latitudes are small circles.

(b) (i) The Earth revolves around the sun at an average speed of 30 km/sec.
(ii) The imaginany line which clears the division of day and night over the Earth is called Circle of Illumination.

(c) The different types of rocks are as follows:
1. Igneous rock: It is formed when magma cools down and becomes solid.
2. Metamorphic rock: It is formed out of transformation of the rocks, which changes it structure due to intense heat and pressure change.
3. Sedimentary rocks: They are usually formed inside water bodies by the sedimentation of the Earth’s material.

(d) (i) The wearing away of the Earth’s surface by running water, wind, and glacier is called denudation. It can cause degradation of landscape, weathering mass movement erosion and transport.
(ii) Cataract is the section of a rapidly flowing river where it falls vertically in the form of waterfall.

(e) (i) Jet Stream can affect weather patterns as it can push air masses.
(ii) The jet stream circulate in a straight line from west to east in the upper troposphere in a narrow belt of few kilometers.

(f)

(g) (i) Two source of noise pollution are :
Noise of traffic and fire crackers during festivals.
(ii) It causes headache, fatigue, respiratory diseases like asthma, cardiovascular diseases, increases cancer risk, etc.

(h) The Pampas and Campos of South America, the Northern Great Plains of Northern merica, the Kazakh steppe and the Durian steppe and Amur River basin of eastern Mongolia are some of the largest areas of temperate grasslands.

(i) Features of Taiga region are as follows:

• Taiga region is characterized by coniferous forests.
• Taiga region covers Sweden, Finland, Canada, inland Alaska, inland Norway, Russia, extreme northern continental United States, northern Kazakhstan and Japan.
• It has harsh continental climate. Temperature in this region ranges from -50°C to 30°C. Its winter lasts for 5-6 months and summers are short but generally warm and humid.
• The precipitation in this region is low. It is 200-700 mm annually in the form of rain, fog, and snow.

(j) (i) Wind Vanes and Wind Socks are used to measure the wind direction.
(ii) Anemometer is used to measure the velocity of wind.

Question 2.
On the outline of World Map, mark and label the following :
(a) Tundra Region
(b) Indian Ocean
(c) Location of the Arabian Sea
(d) Persian Gulf
(e) Hudson Bay
(f) Black Sea
(g) Mountain-Zagros
(h) Mongolian Plateau
(i) River Nile
(j) Andes

Part – II
(Attempt any five questions from this Part)

Question 3.
(a) (i) Name important parallels of latitude.
(ii) Differentiate between local time and standard time.
(b) State two effects of the revolution of the earth.
(c) Give a geographical reason for each of the following :
(i) All longitudes are great circle.
(ii) Earth has atmosphere.
(iii) The length of days and nights are equal at equator.
(d) Define the following:
(i) Orbit
(ii) Perihelion
(iii) Aphelion
(a) (i) Following are the important parallels of latitude :

• The Equator
• The Tropic of Cancer
• The Tropic of Capricorn
• The Arctic Circle
• The Antarctic Circle.

(ii) The time that changes from place to place and is calculated according to the position of sun is called local time, whereas, the standard time is based on the central meridian of the concerned country and that doesn’t change.

Two effects of revolution of the earth are as follows :

• It causes change in seasons on earth.
• Changing altitude of-mid-day sun at different times of the year.

(i) A circle that divides the globe or the Earth in two equal parts is called Great Circle. It passes through two antipodal points and has largest diameter. The North and South Poles of the Earth are called antipodal points. Longitudes are circles which pass through both the poles and hence all longitudes are called Great Circle.

(ii) Earth’s atmosphere is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide and traces of other gases. This blanket of atmosphere not only provides air that we breathe but also protects us from heat and radiation. Thus, life on Earth exists due to the presence of atmosphere.

(iii) Equatorial region receives sunlight vertically throughout the year. Hence, length of days and nights are equal at equator throughout the year.

(d) (i) Orbit is the path of Earth around the sun. It is elliptical in shape.
(ii) When the distance of the Earth from the sun is minimum, i.e. approximately 147 million kms, then it is said that Earth is in perihelion. It happens on January 3rd every year.
(iii) When the distance of the Earth from the sun is maximum, i.e. approximately 152 million kms, then it is said that Earth is in aphelion. It happens on July 4th every year.

Question 4.
(a) Explain the main features of lithosphere ?
(b) (i) Differentiate between structural plains and depositional plains.
(ii) Give an example of intermontane and volcanic plateau.
(c) Differentiate between Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary rocks.
(d) Give a reason for each of the following :
(i) Sedimentary rocks are also called derived rocks.
(ii) Sedimentary rocks are also called argillaceous rock.
(iii) Sedimentary rocks are called stratified rock.
(a) Main features of lithosphere are :
1. Stony or rocky crust.
2. Continenental and oceanic crust are its two parts.
3. It has the valuable soil layer.
4. The weight and pressure of rocks increase with depth.

(b) (i) Structural plains are structurally depressed areas. They are comparatively undisturbed by the crust movement of the Earth. Whereas, Depositional plains are formed by the deposition of materials brought by different carriers of transportation such as air, water, glacier, waves, etc.
(ii) The Tibetan Plateau is an example of interomontane plateau and the Deccan Plateau is an example of volcanic plateau.

(c) The main difference between the Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary rocks :

(d) (i) Sedimentany rock is called derived and secondary rocks because the material is derived from other rocks.
(ii) Most of the sedimentany rocks debris is deposited in water bodies and hence it is called argillaceous rock.
(iii) The sedimentary rocks contain layers or strata, therefore they are known as stratified rocks.

Question 5.
(a) What is a volcano ?
Name few famous volcanoes of the world and facts associated with them.

(b) Define the following terms :
(i) Vent
(ii) Fissure Volcano

(c) Give a geographical reason for each of the following :
(i) Volcanoes have a profound effect on life on the earth.
(ii) Norway is called the land of midnight sun.
(iii) Physical weathering may be defined as the disintegration of rocks.

(d) Explain the meaning of the following terms :
(i) Gorge or I-shaped Valley
(ii) V-shaped valley
(iii) Waterfall
(a) A volcano is a vent or opening in the crust of the Earth, connected by a conduit to an underlying magma chamber from which molten lava, volcanic gases and steam are ejected. Ema Volcano erupted for 40 days in 1669 in Italy. Asawa Volcano in Japan is continuously active and erupted in 1783.

(b) (i) The narrow opening of volcano is called vent.
(ii) Type of volcano in which material is ejected from the Earth’s interior through a long crack.

(c) (i) Volcanoes have both constructive and destructive effect on life on earth. Lava errupted out of volcanoes is very fertile, percious stones are found within volcanoes but disrupts life and property. The ashes and gases released during volcano eruption pollutes the environment and affects the biosphere.

(ii) Norway is situated above the Arctic Circle and here Sun shines 24 hours that is through out a day from mid-may to mid-july and thus Sun remains visible even at local midnight. Hence, Norway is called the land of midnight sun.

(iii) Physical weathering causes disintegration of rocks due to temperature variation, wind action, frost action, pressure release, gravity, and freeze play major role in physical weathering. But no change in chemical consitutent takes place in physical weathering.

(d) (i) When river flows through mountainous region made up of hard rock, I-shaped Valley is formed.
(ii) When river water flows through mountainous region, V-shaped valley is formed.
(iii) Waterfall is steep descent of a river over a rocky ledge.

Question 6.
(a) Discuss different effects of ocean currents.
(b) Explain the causes of ocean currents.
(c) Explain each of the following :
(ii) Kalahari Desert is largely the result of Benguela current.
(iii) Tsunami is the Japanese word for “harbour wave”.
(d) State three different types of movements in ocean.
(a) Effects of ocean current are :

• The warm current keeps the climate warmer and also keep ports of polar regions free from ice during winters.
• The mixing of warm and cold currents helps in the production of planktons which is chief food of fishes.

(b) Causes of ocean currents are :
1. Planetary winds.
2. Variations in sea water temperatures.
3. Variation in sea water salinity.
4. Rotation of the Earth.
5. Configuration of coastlines.

(c) (i) Tides raise the water level close to the shore and help ships to reach at the harbor more conveniently. When the high tide occurs, that time is considered safe for ship to leave the harbor as well, thus, tides are helful in navigation.

(ii) Benguela current is a mineral-rich upwelling current, which flows away to the north along the western coastline. Benguela current retains its moisture to cause desert conditions in the west and this results in the formation of Kalahari Desert.

(iii) The word Tsunami is composed of two words ‘Tsu’ which means harbour and ‘nami’ which means wave. These are shallow water waves that resemble tides and move at very high speed in Open Ocean.

(d) Three different movements in oceans are :
1. Waves : It is a disturbance that transforms energy through matter and empty spaces.
2. Currents : It is a mass movement of water in the same direction.
3. Tides : It is caused by gravitational pull of the moon and the sun.

Question 7.
(a) “Density of air is more at the lower part of the atmosphere.” Justify the statement.
(b) Draw a neat labelled diagram to represent the greenhouse effect ?
(c) Give a reason for each of the following :
(i) Global wanning increases the possibility of drought.
(ii) Thorny scrubs are found in tropical desert.
(iii) Loo is responsible for heat waves in the northern plains of India.
(d) Draw a neat labeled diagram to represent the composition of atmosphere.
(a) The composition of air varies from place to place and also along height. The proportion of different gases is fairly constant at lower part and hence makes it dense.

(b)

(c) (i) Due to global warming, wet places tend to get more wet and dry places more drier. This causes increases the possibility of drought.
(ii) Thorny scrubs are found in region where the rainfall is less than 70cm. In India they are found in the semi-arid areas of Gujrat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh etc. which is a tropical desert area.
(iii) Loo is a hot and dry wind that blows over Indo-Gangetic plains. In the month of 1 April, May and June, due to its very high temperatures, exposure to it often leads to fatal heatstrokes.

(d)

Question 8.
(a) State importance of atmospheric pressure on :
(i) Wind
(ii) Weather
(iii) Weather Forecasting
(b) (i) Name the two types of barometer.
(ii) Which one is considered to be simpler?
(c) Draw a well labelled diagram to represent the formation of pressure belt.
(d) Give a reason for each of the following :
(ii) Tropical cyclone does not develop close to equator.
(iii) North east monsoon does not cause rainfall.
(a) Imporance of atmospheric pressure are :
(i) Changes in atmospheric pressure causes horizontal movement of air called wind.
(ii) Atmospheric pressure is an indicator of weather. A lower atmospheric pressure shows that the weather is cloudy, windy, and precipitation may also occur. A higher atmospheric pressure on the other hand shows that the weather is fair and calm.
(iii) It provides important information and clues for forecasting the weather.

(b) (i) Mercury and Aneroid are the two types of barometer.
(ii) Mercury Barometer is considered to be simpler as compared to aneroid barometer.

(c)

(d) (i) The direction of flow of westerlies is opposite to that of trade winds. Thus, they are called antitrade winds.
(ii) Tropical cyclons are not formed in 5 degree N – S area equator due to absence of Coriolis Force. This force is responsible for the formation of wind system over ocean as trade winds get deflected due to this force in both the hemisphere.
(iii) North east wind blows from interior of the continent towards sea. As these winds are cold and dry, they don’t cause rainfall.

Question 9.
(a) Discuss different forms of precipitation.
(b) (i) Name the foggiest place on the earth.
(ii) How is orographic rainfall caused?

(c) (i) How is cloud formed ?
(ii) How is frost different from mist?
(iii) Define cumulonimbus.

(d) Give a reason for each of the following:
(i) Maswynram receives a large amount of rainfall.
(ii) Mahabaleshwar receives more than 650 cm of rainfall.
(iii) Hail is often associated with thunderstorm clouds.
(a) Rainfall, Snowfall and Hail are the different type of precipitation.
1. Rainfall: When water falls from atmosphere in the form of droplets, it is called rainfall.
2. Snowfall: When water falls in the form of crystal and ice, it is called snowfall.
3. Hail: When water falls in the form of pellets and snow balls, it is called hail.

(b) (i) Grand Banks of the island of Newfoundland, Canada is the foggiest place on earth.
(ii) When masses of air are pushed by wind and are forced up the side of large mountains, orographic or relief rainfall is caused. This lifting results in adiabatic cooling and is then accompanied by condensation and precipitation.

(c) (i) Clouds are formed when warm and moist air rises up, cools and then expands in
the atmosphere. The water vapour in the air condenses to form tiny water droplets which form the basis of clouds.
(ii) Frost is formed when the air temperature falls below 0 degree. On the other hand, mist is present at lower layers of the atmosphere and is composed of water drops.
(iii) Cumulonimbus is a dense cloud which causes thunderstorm and is carried by powerful upward air currents.

(d) (i) Maswynram receives a large amount of rainfall due to its geographical location. It is surrounded by hills from the three sides. In these hills, the winds of the Bay of Bengal monsoon are trapped. These winds try to get out but are forced to pour down water there.

(ii) Mahabaleshar, located at windward side of a mountain, receives more rainfall than the places lying on the leeward side. Mahabaleshwar is situated at the windward side of Western Ghats while Pune lies on the leeward side. And this is the reason Mahabaleshwar experiences heavy rainfall as compared to Pune.

(iii) Hail causes damage to standing crops and houses and that’s why is associated with thunderstorm clouds.

Question 10.
(a) What are the major sources of air pollution? Explain how smelting of ores causes air pollution.
(b) What is radiation pollution? Discuss the major causes.
(c) (i) How does passive smoking affects the health of human beings ?
(ii) What are the benefits of smoke free zones?
(d) “Public transportation plays an important role in confronting environmental challenges.” Discuss.
(a) The internal combustion engines of auto-vehicles, smelting of ores, and burning of garbage are the major sources of air pollution. Smelting refers to the process of extracting metals from ores. During smelting, many gases are released in the atmosphere. The ores are heated at a very high temperature to obtain the metals in the smelting process. Most of the time, coal is used for heating the ores. As a result, lot of Carbon dioxide along with other pollutants is released in the atmosphere and pollutes the air.

(b) The pollution caused by release of radioactive wastes in water, air or earth is called f radiation pollution.
Major causes of radiation pollution are :

• Waste water from nuclear reactor.
• Waste generated during nuclear weapon testing.
• X-rays waste.
• Nuclear accidents and nuclear bomb explosions.

(c) (i) Passive smoking immediately causes physical discomfort and annoyance and in the long run causes cardio-vascular diseases.

(ii) The benefits of smoke free zones are:

• It protects public from serious harmful effects of passive smoking.
• It provides them safer and healthier environment.

(d) When every individual uses their own vehicle for travelling, the number of vehicles on the road increases. This results in the emission of harmful gases like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, sulphur dioxide and other organic acids from the vehicles. All these types of emission lead to an increase in the air pollution, which is a major environmental challenge.

In a public transport, many people travel in the same vehicle. As as result, the number of vehicles on the roads reduces. Thus, the emission of air pollutant from the vehicles and the level of air pollution will also reduce. Public transport helps in improving air quality by reducing vehicle emissions, reduces greenhouse emission and also saves energy.

Question 11.
(a) Discuss the characteristics of tropical monsoon?
(b) Name five hot deserts of the world along with their main features.
(c) Give a reason for each of the following :
(i) “The Equatorial region receives vertical sun rays throughout the year.”
(ii) The Artie is known for its cold, desert like conditions.
(iii) Temperate Grassland has continental type of climate.
(d) (i) What was the Dust Bowl Tragedy ?
(ii) Discuss different characteristics of Tundra region.
(a) Characteristics of tropical monsoon are:
(i) Tropical monsoon is a type of climate that has three seasons-summer, winter and rainy.
(ii) In tropical monsoon, the rainfall is seasonal and often irregular and uneven.
(iii) The annual temperature in tropical monsoon varies from 27° C to 32° C.

(b) The five hot deserts and their main features are:

 Hot deserts Main Features Sahara Kalahari Thar Mexican It is the largest desert of the world and covers 9,06,500 square km. It covers more than half Botswana. It covers an area of 2,60,000 sq. km. It includes death valley, the lowest point in western hemisphere.

(c) (i) The Earth’s shape is spherical. This causes the sun’s rays to strike the Earth’s surface at different angles, creating variance in temperatures on Earth. The equator receives direct sunlight because sunlight arrives at a perpendicular (900) angle to the Earth in its region.

(ii) the Arctic is located in the North hemisphere, surrounding the North Pole. Thus, this region experiences cold, desert like conditions.

(iii) Temperate Grassland region has hot summers and cold winters. They receive 10 to 35 inches of precipitation a year. Hence, climate is considered to be continental.

(d)
(i) Dust bowl also known as dirty thirties, was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s. Severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion caused the phenomenon.

(ii) Tundra region is the coldest of all the biomes. This region experiences low temperature and little rainfall. It has low biotic diversity, simple vegetation structure, and short season of growth and reproduction.

## ICSE Class 9 Biology Sample Question Paper 4 with Answers

Section -I
(Attempt all questions from this section)

Question 1.
(a) Name the following :
(i) The two types of devices commonly used for removing the particulate air pollutants, (ill The category of immunity required in the treatment of snake bite.
(iii) Any agent that causes cancer.
(iv) Organism that transmits disease-causing microbes.
(v) The condition in which lactic acid accumulates in our muscles and gives the feeling of fatigue.
(i) Scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators
(ii) Artificially acquired passive immunity
(iii) Carcinogen
(iv) Vectors
(v) Oxygen debt

(b) Choose the correct answer from each of the four options given below :
(i) If for some reason the sebaceous glands fail to function, then :
(a) The body will not be able to regulate the body temperature.
(b) The skin will turn darker with more melanin,
(c) The hairs will fail to grow.
(d) The skin will turn dry and rough.
(d) The skin will turn dry and rough.

(ii) Which of the following consist of 3 bones ?
(a) Ear ossicles
(b) Neck vertebrae
(c) Tarsals
(d) Phalanges
(a) Ear ossicles

(iii) Which one of the following do bacteria possess ?
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Ribosomes
(c) Golgi body
(d) Vacuole
(b) Ribosomes

(iv) Which one of the following are called as amphibians of plant kingdom ?
(a) Thallophytes
(b) Gymnosperms
(c) Bryophytes
(d) Pteridophytes
(c) Bryophytes

(v) The number of ATP produced during aerobic respiration is :
(a) 2
(b) 36
(c) 38
(d) 40
(c) 38

(c) Fill in the blanks :
(i) Parenchyma cells containing chloroplasts are termed as ………………..
(ii) Flower containing only carpels are called ………………..
(iii) The protective coverings of ovule is called ………………..
(iv) The scientific name of house cat is …………………..
(v) ……………….formation in bacteria is a method of escaping unfavourable environmental conditions.
(i) Chlorenchyma
(ii) Pistillate flower
(iii) Integument
(iv) Felis domesticus
(v) Spore

(d) Choose the odd one and categorize the rest under one group.
(ii) Liverfluke, Tapeworm, Ascaris, Planaria.
(iii) Parotid, Gastric, Submandibular, Sublingual.
(iv) Sternum, Lumbar, Sacrum, Cranium, Humerus.
(v) Larynx, Bronchioles, Alveolar sac, Ileum.

Category : Kingdom Protista

(ii) Odd : Ascaris
Category: Phylum Platyhelminthes

(iii) Odd: Gastric Category : Salivary glands

(iv) Odd: Humerus
Category : Bones of axial skeleton

(v) Odd: Ileum
Category : Parts of respiratory tract

(e) Statement given below are incorrect. Correct the following statements by changing the first word only.
(i) Arthropodes move by means of tube feet.
(ii) Mycelium is the swollen tip of Rhizopus where spores get matured.
(iii) Vitamin B3 deficiency causes pernicious anaemia.
(iv) HCl activates inactive trypsinogen to active trypsin.
(v) Iodine solution is used to test the presence of glucose.
(i) Echinoderms move by means of tube feet.
(ii) Sporangium is the swollen tip of Rhizopus where spores get modured.
(iii) Vitamin B12 deficiency causes pernicious anaemia.
(iv) Enterokinase activates inactive trypsinogen to active trypsin.
(v) Fehling’s solution is used to test the presence of glucose.

(f) State one point of difference between the following pairs according to the guidelines given in brackets.
(i) Kingdom Monera and Kingdom Protista (nuclear material)
(ii) Iron and Iodine (disease caused due to their deficiency)
(iii) Sucrase and Lactase (function)
(iv) Meibomian glands and Ceruminous glands (location)
(v) Oxygen and Carbon dioxide (mode of transport in our body)
(i)

 Kingdom Monera Kingdom Protists The organisms that belongs to kingdom Monera have nuclear material that lies free in cytoplasm without being enclosed in nuclear envelope. They do not have an organized nucleus. Protists have a well-defined nucleus with nuclear material enclosed within nuclear envelope.

(ii)

 Iron Iodine Iron deficiency causes anaemia. Iodine deficiency causes simple goitre and cretinism in children.

(iii)

 Sucrase Lactase Sucrase converts sucrose into glucose and fructose. Lactase converts lactose into glucose and galactose.

(iv)

 Meibomian glands Ceruminous glands Meibomian glands are modified sebaceous glands which open on the margins of the eyelids. Ceruminous glands are also modified sebaceous glands found in auditory canal.

(v)

 Oxygen Carbon dioxide Oxygen is transported in the form of oxy-haemoglobin carried by RBCs throughout the body. Carbon dioxide is transported in the form of bicarbonates dissolved in plasma or in combination with haemoglobin as carbamino haemoglobin by RBCs.

(g) Complete the following table by filling in the numbered blanks with an appropriate answer :

(i) Smaller peptides + Amino acids
(ii) Lipase
(iii) Fatty acids + glycerol
(iv) Maltose
(v) Peptidase
(vi) Amino acds
(vii) Proteins
(viii) Peptides
(ix) Rennin
(x) Paracasein

(h) Given below is an overall chemical reaction of a certain process.
C6H12O6 → Lactic acid + 2ATP + Energy
(i) Identify the process.
(ii) Is this reaction applicable to animals or plants or both ?
(iii) Name one tissue where this reaction occurs.
(iv) Give the reaction for complete oxidation of glucose. What is this process called ?
(v) Give the site in our body where complete oxidation of glucose occurs.
(i) It is anaerobic respiration.
(ii) It occurs in animals.
(iii) This reaction mainly occurs in skeletal muscles.
(iv) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP + Energy/Heat
It is called aerobic respiration.
(v) It occurs mainly in mitochondria.

Section – II
(Attempt any four question from this section)

Question 2.
(a) Study the figure and answer the following:

(i) Identify the figure.
(ii) To which kingdom does it belong ?
(iii) Label the parts 1-5.
(iv) What is the function of part labelled 3 and 5 ?
(v) How does it reproduce ?
(i) It is a bread mould or rhizopus.
(ii) It belongs to kingdom fungi.
(iii) 1-Sporangium, 2-Sporangiophores, 3-Spores, 4-Stolon, 5-Hyphae.
(iv) Sporangium bursts to release the spores which gets scattered by wind and under suitable conditions like temperature, substratum, moisture the spores germinate to give rise to new mycelium. Hyphae penetrate into the substratum (like bread) and secrete some enzymes which digest the food in the bread and then it is absorbed by rhizopus.
(v) It reproduces by asexual reproduction.

(b) Give the exact location of the following :
(i) Capsule
(ii) Sclerenchyma
(iii) Columnar epithelium
(iv) Aleurone layer
(v) Sublingual glands
(i) Capsule is a slimy protective layer present outside to the cell wall in bacteria.
(ii) Sclerenchyma is found in stems and veins of leaves.
(iii) Columnar epithelium is found in inner lining of stomach and intestines.
(iv) Aleurone layer is the outermost layer of endosperm rich in protein and is found in maize grain.
(v) Sublingual glands are salivary glands found below the tongue.

Question 3.
(a) Write few characteristics of following tissues with suitable diagrams :
(i) Sclerenchyma
(ii) Parenchyma
(iii) Collenchyma
(i) Some characteristics of sclerenchyma are :

1. They are dead, long, narrow cells.
2. Their cell walls are thick due to deposition of lignin.
3. They provide strength to plant parts.
4. They are closely packed without intercellular spaces.

(ii) Some characteristics of parenchyma are :

1. They are large oval, circular or polygonal shaped cells with thin walls.
2. They have single large vacuole.
3. They are found in cortex and pith regions of plant.
4. They have abundant intercellular spaces. Space
5. They provide temporary support to plants and some store food as in potatoes.

(iii) Some characteristics of collenchyma are :

1. They are elongated cells with cell walls thickened at the comer.
2. They are found in leaf stalks and below epidermis of stems.

(b) Study the diagram and answer the following questions :

(i) Identify the structure and state its main role.
(ii) Label the parts 1-5.
(iii) What is function of parts labelled 1 and 5 ?
(iv) Is this structure present in all cells ? If not, name the cell in which it is absent.
(i) It is nucleus. Its main role is to regulate and coordinate various life processes of cell and play an important role in cell division. It is the controlling centre of the cell, so it is also known as brain of the cell.
(ii) 1-Chromatin fibres, 2-Nuclear membrane, 3-Nucleoplasm, 4-Nuclear pore, 5-Nucleolus.
(iii) Chromatin fibres are thread-like structures which are bearer of genes that control hereditary characters.
Nucleolus produces ribosomes and participates in protein synthesis by storing and forming RNA.
(iv) No, it is absent in matured human RBCs.

Question 4.
(a) Answer the following questions briefly :
(i) What are antagonistic muscles ? Give one example.
(ii) Why Negroes have dark coloured skin while Europeans have light coloured skin ?
(iii) Give some symptoms of Hepatitis and Cholera.
(iv) Give some uses of antibiotics.
(v) Give main activities of Red Cross.
(i) A muscle that opposes the action of another muscle is called antagonistic muscle. They generally occur in pairs. Example- biceps and triceps. Biceps bend the lower arm over the upper arm while straightening of lower arm is brought about by triceps.

(ii) Pigment melanin present in malpighian layer of our skin is responsible for the colouration of our skin. Different quantities of this pigment present in our skin lead to formation of very light brown to dark colouration of the skin. Negroes have generally more amount of melanin as compared to Europeans, so Negroes have dark coloured skin while Europeans have light coloured skin.

(iii) Symptoms of Hepatitis are body ache, deep yellow urine, yellowish eye, light coloured stools, nausea, vomiting, enlarged liver, loss of appetite, fever etc. Symptoms of cholera are severe diarrhoea, vomiting, no urination due to shortage of water in body.

(iv) Some uses of antibiotics are :
1. They are used as medicines to fight infections.
2. Some are used as food preservatives.
3. Some are used for controlling plant pathogens.
4. Some are used in treating animal feed to prevent internal infections.

(v) Main activities of Red Cross are :
1. To extend relief and help to the victims of calamity like floods, fire, famine, earthquake.
2. To procure and supply blood for needy victims of war or other calamities.
3. To provide possible first aid in any accident and arrange ambulance services during emergencies.

(b) Study the figure given below and answer the following questions :
.
(i) Identify the figure.
(ii) Label the parts 1-7.
(iii) How is thigh bone and pelvis connected together ? Name the type of joint present between thigh bone and pelvis.
(iv) Name three bones present in our hip bone.
(v) Give the function of pelvic girdle.
(i) The figure shows the hind limb.
(ii) 1-Femur, 2-Patella, 3-Tibia, 4-Fibula, 5-Tarsals, 6-Meta tarsals, 7-Phalanges.
(iii) The thigh bone i.e., head of femur fits into the large cup-shaped articular cavity called acetabulum of hip bone.
Ball and socket joint is present between thigh bone and pelvis.
(iv) Ilium, ischium and pubis are three bones present in our hip bone.
(v) It gives support to the skeleton of hind limbs and also protects and supports our abdominal organs.

Question 5.
(a) Give reasons :
(i) Meristematic cells have a prominent nucleus and dense cytoplasm but they lack vacuole.
(ii) Mitochondria is called the powerhouse of the cell.
(iii) Humans have heterodont and diphyodont dentition.
(iv) Person feels breathlessness at higher altitudes.
(v) Small intestine is the most important organ of our digestive system.
(i) Meristematic cells are actively dividing cells so they have a prominent nucleus with dense cytoplasm. As they are in continuous dividing state hence they don’t need to store food or waste material, so they lack vacuoles.

(ii) Mitochondria is the site where glucose is oxidized to release energy in the form of ATP. The energy is stored in the form of ATP and is used in various metabolic activities, thus it is known as powerhouse of the cell.

(iii) In human beings the teeth are of different shapes, so this type of dentition is called heterodont and teeth appear in two sets during their lifetime i.e., milk teeth and permanent teeth’. So, this type of condition is called diphyodont dentition.

(iv) At higher altitudes air pressure decreases as well as oxygen content decreases, so we feel difficulty in breathing and lack of oxygen causes dizziness, loss of hearing, unsteady vision etc.

(v) Small intestine is the region where maximum digestion of food occurs by enzymes of pancreatic juice secreted by pancreas and intestinal juice secreted by intestinal glands. Maximum absorption of digested food also occurs here. So, it is the most important organ of our digestive system.

(b) Study the figure below and answer the following question :

(i) Identify the figure.
(ii) To which phylum this organism belongs ?
(iii) Name the disease caused by this organism in human beings. How does this disease mainly spread ?
(iv) Give few characteristics of the organisms belonging to phylum mentioned by you in Q. (ii) above.
(v) Give few examples of the organisms belonging to phylum mentioned by you in Q. (ii) above.
(i) It is Taenia solium, a tape worm.
(ii) Platyhelminthes.
(iii) Taeniasis : It is spread by eating infected pork and beef.
(iv) Few characteristics are :

• They are small, soft, flattened, unsegmented worms without a body cavity.
• Alimentary canal has one opening i.e, mouth.
• They are mainly parasites, few are free living.

(v) Liverfluke, Planaria.

Question 6.
(a) The following diagram refers to an apparatus which is used to demonstrate a physiological process.

(i) What is the purpose of keeping KOH solution in the test tubes X and Y ?
(ii) Why has coloured water risen in tubing 1 ?
(iii) What is the purpose of keeping boiled peas soaked in disinfectant in test tube Y ?
(iv) Name the biological process which causes the above rise.
(v) Define the biological process shown in the experiment.
(i) KOH solution absorbs carbon dioxide if it is produced by seeds.

(ii) In tube 1, seeds undergo respiration i.e., it takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by KOH solution and as oxygen present in tube is slowly used up, so a vacuum is created in tube X and coloured water from beaker rises in tubing 1.

(iii) They acts as a control because as seeds are boiled so they are dead and they cannot respire. The seeds are soaked in disinfectant so that there would be no growth of microbes which may interfere with the results of the experiment.

(iv) Respiration

(v) Respiration is a catabolic process by which glucose is oxidized to release energy in presence of oxygen and this energy produced is used to carry out various life processes.

(b) Give the exact function of the following :
(i) Seed coat
(ii) Nucellus
(iii) Sepals
(iv) Epithelial tissue
(v) Epiglottis
(i) Seed coat is a protective layer consisting of outer testa and inner tegmen. It protects the delicate inner parts of the seed from injury and from the attack of bacteria, fungi and insects.

(ii) Nucellus is a mass of food laden cells that surrounds embryo sac and it protects the embryo as well as provides reserve food material to the developing embryo.

(iii) Sepals protect the young flower bud and when it is in green colour, it performs photosynthesis process.

(iv) Epithelial tissue when present in skin serves as protective layer, in intestine it helps in absorption and secretion and sensory perception.

(v) Epiglottis is a muscular flap-like structure which closes the opening of trachea so that food cannot enter respiratory tract and it will pass through the oesophagus.

Question 7.
(a) Study the figure given below and answer the following questions :

(i) What does figure A and figure B represent ?
(ii) Label the parts as indicated in figure above.
(iii) Explain the mechanism demonstrated in figure A and figure B.
(iv) What is the breathing rate in normal adults ?
(a) (i) Figure A represents inhalation and figure B represents exhalation process of breathing.

(ii) 1-Air is drawn in, 2-Ribs moving upward and outward, 3-Diaphragm contracts, 4r-Diaphragm relaxes, 5-Air is forced out, 6-Ribs move inwards and downwards.

(iii) During inhalation process, ribs move upwards and outwards due to contraction of external intercostal muscles, thus chest cavity enlarges. Diaphragm contracts and flattens thus chest cavity increases lengthwise. The pressure inside lungs decreases so outside air rushes inside.

(iv) Breathing rate is 12-18 breaths per minute.

(b) Give scientific terms for the following :
(i) The process of putting the organic waste matter to decay to form manure by help of earthworms.
(ii) Mild chemical substances applied on body to kill germs.
(iii) The tidal air contained in air sacs.
(iv) The outer membranous covering of lungs.
(v) The narrowing of blood vessels to reduce blood supply when temperature is low outside.
(vi) The non-functional organs in our body.
(vii) The process by which excess amino acids are broken down in the liver.
(viii) The arrangement or condition of teeth in a particular individual or species.
(ix) Fibrous undigested cellulose in our body.
(x) The casting off and regrowing of exoskeleton in arthropods.