ICSE Class 9 Geography Sample Question Paper 2 with Answers
Part-I
(Attempt all questions from this Part)
Question 1.
(a) Why is Earth considered as a unique planet?
(b) What are Extinct volcanoes?
(c) What is decomposition?
(d) What does FerreTs law state?
(e) How was Himalayas formed?
(f) What is organic farming?
(g) What is Precipitation?
(h) What is Condensation?
(i) What is fossil fuel? Give two examples.
(j) What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?
Answer:
(a) Earth is considered to be a unique planet because it is the only planet having life on it. A variety of life ranging from microscopic plants to the largest of trees and animals one found on the earth. The living organisms inhabit not only on the solid crust but also on the ocean and atmosphere.
(b) Extinct volcanoes are those volcanoes which have not erupted since remote geological times. They have been inactive for so long that they are not likely to erupt in future too Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa is an example of extinct volcano.
(c) Decomposition is a biological process that includes the physical breakdown and biochemical transformation of complex organic molecules of dead materials into simpler organic and inorganic molecules.
(d) Ferrel’s law states that as a result of the earth’s rotation on its axis from west to east, wind or any other moving object in the Northern hemisphere is deflected to the right, and the Southern hemisphere is deflected to the left of its original course.
(e) The Himalayas are the young fold mountains that were formed when the Indian Plate collided with the Eurasian Plate. This resulted in the compression or folding of the layers of the earth which in turn resulted into the formation of the Himalayas.
(f) Organic farming is environment friendly farming technique. With this technique the crops are raised without using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides and antibiotics. The fertilizers and pesticides used in organic farming are obtained from plants and animal wastes and mineral sources.
(g) Precipitation is water released from clouds in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail. It is the primary connection in the water cycle that provides for the delivery of atmospheric water to the Earth. Mostly precipitation falls as rain.
(h) Condensation is a process where water vapour changes to liquid state. Condensation happens in two ways, either the air is cooled to its dew point or it becomes so saturated with water vapour that it cannot hold any more water.
(i) Fossil fuel are the derivatives of plants and animals fossils that are millions of years old. These are primarily formed from the remains of the decayed plants and animals of the carboniferous era. Examples of fossil fuel are coal and natural gases.
(j) The Pacific Ring of fire is an area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions encircling the basin of the Pacific Ocean.
Question 2.
On the outline World Map mark and label the following details:
(a) Plateau of Tibet
(b) Mongolian Plateau
(c) North European plains
(d) Black sea
(e) North Atlantic Ocean
(f) Appalachian
(g) River Orange
(h) Gulf of Mexico
(i) River Murray
(j) Atlas Mountain
Answer:
Part-II
(Attempt any five questions from this Part)
Question 3.
(a) What causes the change of season on Earth?
(b) Why places are located in degrees?
(c) What are the effects of Rotation?
(d) Do a comparative study of longitude and latitude.
Answer:
(a) The phenomena of change of season on Earth is caused due to two reasons:
1. The revolution of the Earth around the Sun.
2. The inclination of the Earth’s axis at an angle of 66 1/2° to the plain of its orbit.
(b) Places are located in degrees because the shape of the Earth is round (circle) and a circle comprises of 360 units called degrees, and each degree is further divided into 60 minutes and each minutes can be further divided into 60 seconds. This classification of Earth into degrees help in identification of a location.
(c) Rotation is the movement of the Earth on its axis from West to East. This movement causes lot of changes on Earth such as:
1. Since Earth rotates from west to east, we see the Sun rising in the east and setting in the west.
2. Another effect of earthly rotation is the daily alteration of light and darkness, as portions of Earth’s surface first turn towards Sun and then away from Sim. This variation of exposure to sunlight greatly influences local temperature, humidity and wind movement.
3. The Earth’s rotation causes a consistence in the direction of the flow of winds and water of the ocean. Wind and ocean currents are deflected towards the right in the Northern hemisphere and towards the left in the Southern hemisphere. This is known as Coriolis effect.
(d) Comparative study of latitude and longitude :
Latitude:
1. Latitude is an angular distance of a place north or south of the equator.
2. There are 180 parallels of latitude.
3. Each parallel of latitude is a circle.
4. All the parallels of latitude are not of equal length rather these become smaller towards the pole.
5. The distance between any two parallels of latitude is always equal.
Longitude
1. Longitude is the angular distance of a place east or west of the prime meridian.
2. There are 360 meridian of longitude.
3. Each meridian of longitude is a semicircle.
4. All the longitudes are of equal length.
5. The distance between any two meridians is not equal. These get closer from the equator to the poles.
Question 4.
(a) What is a plateau?
(b) Mention two constructive effects of volcanic activity.
(c) Do a comparative study of Crust, Mantle and Core?
(d) Differentiate between rocks and minerals.
Answer:
(a) A plateau is an elevated tract of relatively flat land, usually limited on at least one side by a steep slope falling abruptly to lower land to its surrounding areas. It has large area on its top and has flat or undulating surface. Its sides are marked by a steep cliff except in a plateau which is surrounded by high mountain.
(b) The two constructive effects of volcanic activity are:
1. Lava deposited as a result of volcanic eruption gets weathered down into fertile soil. The black soil of India has been derived from lava rocks and is a very fertile soil.
2. Volcanic rock contains a large number of minerals also. Many of the metallic minerals are associated with volcanic rock.
(c) The comparative study of Crust, Mantle and Core is as follows:
(d) Difference between Rocks and Minerals are as follows :
Rocks
1. Rocks are aggregates of mineral elements.
2. A rock has no definite chemical composition.
3. Minerals are organized to form rocks.
4. The three main types of rocks are igneous, sedimentary and meta morphic.
5. Basalt, granite, sandstone, slate and quartz are some important types of rock.
Minerals
1. Minerals are solid inorganic substances occurring naturally.
2. Minerals have a definite chemical composition.
3. Elements are organized to form compounds which are known as minerals.
4. Four chief mineral groups are silicates,carbonates, suiphides and metallic minerals.
5. Iron, silicon, magnesium, nickel, calcium, potassium and sodium are abundant minerals on earth.
Question 5.
(a) What is chemical weathering?
(b) Define the term :
(i) Alluvial fans
(ii) Delta
(c) What are the constructive effects of weathering?
(d) Explain the land reform formed by wind.
Answer:
(a) Decomposition and disintegration of rocks due to chemical reactions is called chemical weathering. Chemical weathering leads to change in the chemical composition of minerals
present in the rock. It takes place in hot and humid region due to exposure to air and water.
(b) (i) Alluvial fans are found at the base of mountain ranges, where high energy streams reaches a plain. When no longer confined to a channel the energy level of the water drops, which makes the water unable to transport larger sediments, cobbles, gravel. If the water is no longer able to carry those sediments they drop out and are deposited forming an alluvial fan.
(ii) Deltas are form when a moving body of water enters a non-moving body, mostly by when a river reaching an ocean. When rivers reach the ocean they carry immense sediment load, which comprises of silt and clay, this sediment loads forms a deltas which are usually very well sorted.
(c) Constructive effects of weathering are:
1. Weathering helps in soil formation which promotes agriculture.
2. Chemical weathering .produces various new minerals which is helpful in economic activities.
3. Weathering provides building materials like cement and limestone.
4. Due to weathering new landscape is formed.
(d) The gradational role of the wind results in two kinds of land reforms: Erosional and Depositional.
1. Erosion takes place when loose particles lying on the ground are lifted off and taken away by strong wind. In course of time, a hollow is formed in that surface called wind eroded basin. Sometimes removal of sand through deflation leads to formation of large depressions known as Deflation hollows.
2. Deposition is the geographical process by which material is added to a landform or landmass. The transportation capacity of the wind depends upon its velocity, the sand and the dust particles carried by it thus dust particles are deposited when the velocity of the wind decreases or there is an obstruction in the path of the wind.Ripple marks, sand dunes and loess are important depositional land reform of wind.
Question 6.
(a) What are the warm currents and cold currents?
(b) What is Tsunami? How it is caused?
(c) Give three importance of Tide.
(d) Explain the types of movement in the Ocean.
Answer:
(a) Ocean current is general movement of a mass of oceanic water in definite direction. Warm currents and-cold currents are two types of ocean current:
Warm Currents originate near the equator and flow towards the poles. Cold Currents originate in the high latitudes and flovv towards the equator.
(b) Tsunami is a giant sea wave which is caused mainly due to earthquake or volconic activity occurring under the ocean. When an earthquake or volcanic activity occurs, large amount of water is displaced. The displaced water transform into large waves. These waves may be as high as fifteen meters and are very distructive.
(c) The importance of tides are mentioned below:
- The tides clean out the refuse materials and wastes from the mouth of the river.
- It promotes navigability in rivers.
- Due to natural flushing activity the width and depth of the river are maintained. Transportation in river is possible because of tides.
- The tides make river salty and they keep the water in motion. So, that the water does not freeze easily.
(d) The water in the ocean and the sea keeps on moving continuously. There are three kinds of movements in the ocean.
1. Waves : The up and down movements seen on the surface of the ocean are known as waves. The pushing action of the winds blowing over the ocean is the most important cause of the waves.
2. Tides : Tides are periodical rise and fall of sea level, caused by the tidal forces of the Moon, the Sun and rotation of Earth. Tides are caused mainly by the attraction of the Moon and to some extent the Sun on the surface of the Earth.
3. Ocean Current: Large scale movement of water in the oceans in a definite direction is called ocean currents. Ocean currents are like rivers in the ocean thousands of kilometer in length and sometimes two hundred kilometers wide.
Question 7.
(a) What is Troposphere?
(b) What is green house effect?
(c) What is the importance of atmospheric pressure?
(d) What are the causes of destruction of the ozone layer?
Answer:
(a) The troposphere is the lowest atmospheric layer, extending from the Earth’s surface upto the bottom of the stratosphere. The troposphere is where all of Earth’s weather occurs. It contains approximately 80% of the total mass of the atmosphere.
The greenhouse effect is the effect which increases the average temperature of the Earth by trapping heat in the atmosphere. This keeps the temperature of the Earth higher than it would be if direct heating by the Sim was the only source of warming.
Atmospheric pressure is important for:
- Creation of wind: Variation in the atmospheric pressure is responsible for horizontal movement of air called wind.
- Impact of weather : Change of weather is related to the change in atmospheric pressure.
- Weather forecasting : Atmospheric pressure gives important clues in forecasting the weather.
The causes of destruction of the ozone layer are :
1. The chlorofluorocarbons [CFCs]: One of the most important causes for the depletion of ozone layer is the use of chemical known as chlorofluorocarbons. These chemicals are used in spray cans and as refrigerants, they react with the ozone layer and destroy it.
2. Radioactive substances: Radioactive substances like uranium, thorium, etc., also deplete ozone layer. These radioactive substances are used in power station and nuclear explosions. Their reaction produces large quantities of nitrogen oxide which goes into the stratosphere.
3. Air pollution: Air pollution is also responsible for the depletion of ozone layer. Air pollution due to smog like the London smog, the leakage of lethal gas from the Union Carbide factory of Bhopal, the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl had a very serious effect on ozone layer.
Question 8.
(a) Why are X-rays harmful?
(b) How does agriculture add to water pollution?
(c) Burning of garbage is a major source of pollution. Explain.
(d) What are the different types of pollution?
Answer:
(a) X-rays are very harmful and can easily kill living cells, if dosed in high quantities. The exposure of the body cells and tissues to large doses of X-ray radiation, which have a very high ionizing power, can result in DNA abnormalities that may further lead to cancer and birth defects.
(b) Agriculture is both cause and victim of water pollution. Water pollution is caused by the discharge of pollutants and sediment to surface and/or groundwater, through net loss of soil by poor agricultural practices, and through salinization and water logging of irrigated land.
(c) Many people dispose off their household garbage by burning it. People bum barrels, fire pits, and wood stove or similar homemade devices producing low temperature fire. They receive very little oxygen and produce a lot of smoke. Under these conditions varieties of toxic substances are produced. All of these pollutants are released into the air and close to the ground level where they are easily inhaled. Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen represents the largest portions of pollutants emitting from burning household waste.
(d) Different types of pollution are:
- Air pollution : Air pollution is the addition of harmful substance in air that causes severe damage to environment, human health and quality of life.
- Water pollution : The contamination of water bodies like rivers, lakes, seas etc. is called the water pollution.
- Soil pollution : Soil pollution refers to the building up of toxic chemical compound, salt, radioactive material and disease causing organism i.e., pathogens.
- Noise pollution: Noise pollution is the annoying and stressful sound that is capable of damaging the ear.
- Radiation pollution: Pollution caused by radioactive material is called radiation pollution.
Question 9.
(a) Mention any four diseases which are caused by air pollution.
(b) What causes acid rain? Name two gasses responsible for acid rain.
(c) Oil spill have an adverse impact on marine life. Explain.
(d) Discuss the effect of noise pollution.
Answer:
(a) Diseases which are caused by the air pollution are asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and lung cancer.
(b) Acid rain is a corrosive type of air pollution which occurs when oxides of sulphur and nitrogen combine with the moisture of atmosphere. The sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are two gasses responsible for acid rain. They are released by the burning of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas.
(c) Oil spill is a worst kind of water pollution. Oil spill takes place in case of accidents of ships, sinking of oil tankers, leaking of pipeline, offshore drilling etc. The biggest problem of oil spill is that the oil can neither be mixed nor separated from water. It can only be treated with chemical but those chemical are equally harmful for marine life. Oil spreads immediately on the water surface and blocks the sunlight. It reduces the amount of oxygen in water resulting into the death of marine organisms. Moreover, the gills of fish and other marine organisms are poisoned by the coating of oil which leads to suffocation. Feathers of sea birds are also coated with oil which reduces their ability to fly.
(d) The stressful sound is referred as the noise pollution. Noise pollution is increasing at a rapid pace with increasing urbanization. Its impact is very severe on humans. Any sound that is louder than the normal level can damage the delicate ear cells in the inner ear. Sudden extreme loud noise like gunshot can cause immediate hearing loss. High sound levels can also lead to a disease called tinnitus which causes ringing in ear. Factory workers, military and police personal, musician, fire fighter are at a high risk of hearing problem due to continuous exposure to high sound levels.
Question 10.
(a) (i) What is absolute humidity?
(ii) How is it expressed?
(b) Explain two conditions when the air can be saturated.
(c) Discuss factors that determine the amount of rainfall.
(d) Discuss the seasonal distribution of rainfall.
Answer:
(a)
- Absolute humidity is the actual amount of water vapour present in the given volume of air at a given temperature.
- Absolute humidity is expressed in terms of gram per cubic meter i.e., gram of water vapour present in per cubic meter of air.
(b) Two conditions in which air can become saturated are:
- With a decrease in temperature the capacity of air to hold water decreases and the air becomes saturated.
- If a lot of water vapor is present in the atmosphere, the air becomes saturated.
(c) The factors that determine the amount of rainfall are:
- Direction of winds : Winds blowing from ocean to land bring in more rainfall than the wind that flows from lands.
- Distance from sea : Coastal areas experience more rainfall than the places located in the interior of the continents. This is because the oceans are the source of water vapour which condenses to form rains.
- Mountains : When mountains or hills lie in the path of moisture bearing winds, the warm air is forced upward. Subsequently it starts cooling, forms clouds and gives rainfall to the windward side.
(d) The amount of rainfall changes gradually from season to season. On basis of rainfall received region can be classified into three broad categories :
- Region receiving rainfall throughout the year : The places located in the western margin of the continent in mid latitudes like Western European receives rainfall through out the year.
- Rainfall during the summer : In the sub-tropical region, convectional rainfall is limited to the summer season only.
- Rainfall during the winters : Countries located in the Mediterranean region like France, Albania, Italy etc., receive rainfall during winters.
Question 11.
(a) Calculation the relative humidity of air at 25°C, if the absolute humidity is 50 gms/cu.m. The amount of water vapor required to saturate the air at 25°C is 90 gms/cu.m.
(b) What are Jet Stream?
(c) Find out the time difference between Greenwich [0° longitude] and Allahabad [ 82° 30 east longitude].
(d) What will be the time at 90° W longitudes when the time at 10° W longitude is 8 am?
Answer:
(a) \(\mathrm{RH}=\frac{\text { The actual amount of water vapour present in air }}{\text { The maximum amount of water vapour the air can hold at that temperature }} \times 100\)
Therefore\(\mathrm{RH}=\frac{50}{90} \times 100\) = 55.55 Percent.
(b) Jet streams are like rivers of wind high above in the atmosphere. These slim strips of strong winds have a huge influence on climate, as they can push air masses around and affect weather patterns. Jet streams basically forms a border between hot and cold air.
(c) Longitude of Greenwich = 0°
Longitude of Allahabad = 82° 30
Longitudinal difference = 82° 30 0°
r = 82° 30
Time difference between the two places
= 82° 30 x 4
= 330 minutes or 5 hours 30 minutes
Since, Allahabad is situated to the east of Greenwich, therefore, the time of Allahabad will be 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich Time. Thus, when it is 12 noon at Greenwich, the time at Allahabad will be 5 hours 30 minutes.
(d) Time at 10° W longitude = 8 am
Difference in longitude between two places = 90° -10° = 80°
Difference in time between the two places = 80 x 4 = 320° or 5 hrs 20 mins.
As 90° W is situated west of 10° W longitude, time at 90° W longitude will be 5 hrs 20 mins behind the time of 10° W longitude.
Therefore, time at 90° W longitude will be 8 am – 5 hrs 20 mins = 2 hrs 40 mins.