Merchant of Venice Workbook Answers Act 1, Scene 3

Merchant of Venice Workbook Answers Act 1, Scene 3 – ICSE Class 10 & 9 English

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Passage – 1 (Act. I, Sc.III, Lines 8-24)

Merchant of Venice Workbook Answers Act I, Scene III 1

Paraphrase :

SHYLOCK : Three thousand dollars, for three months, and Antonio obligated.

BASSANIO : Your answer to that.

SHYLOCK : Antonio is a good man.

BASSANIO : Have you heard any suggestion to the contrary?

SHYLOCK : Hey, no, no, no, no: my meaning in saying he is a good manis to have you understand me, that he is sufficiently credit-worthy,yet his money is all tied up: he has a large merchant ship going to Tripoli, another to the Indies; I understand, moreover, in the Marketplace,he has a third to Mexico, a fourth to England, and other ventures he has wasted abroad. But ships are only boards of wood, sailors only men; there are land-rats and water rats, land-thieves and water-thieves,—I mean pirates,—and then there is the peril of waters, winds, and rocks. The man is, in spite of all this, sufficiently credit worthy. Three thousand dollars -1 think I may take his promise to pay.

Word Meaning With Annotation

Ducats : There were gold ducats and silver ducats at the time with which the play deals, bound : Antonio shall be legally responsible for the repayment. Antonio is a good man : “reliable in financial dealings.” sufficient : satisfactory as security, his means are in supposition : his fortune may be supposed subject to the risks and failures of business.he hath an argosy bound to Tripolis : It matters little whether Shakespeare was thinking of Tripoli in North Africa, or Tripolis in Syna. Indies: the West Indies near Central America. Rialto : this was the name of the business quarters of Venice, squandered : sent forth; scattered, the man is not with standing sufficient : nevertheless the man Antonio is satisfactory as security.

Read the above passage and answer the following questions

Question 1.
What is the occasion for the dialogue quoted above?
Answer:
The occasion for this dialogue is Antonio’s request to Shylock for a loan of three thousand ducats. Antonio’s request has been conveyed to Shylock by Bassanio who had been authorized by Antonio to borrow the required amount of money in Antonio’s name from somebody or the other in Venice. It is in that connection that the present dialogue takes place between Shylock and Bassanio.

Question 2.
What does Shylock mean by saying that “his means are in supposition”, and how does he substantiate his view?
Answer:
Shylock means to say that Antonio’s present wealth is in some doubt. Shylock tries to prove his point by saying that all Antonio’s wealth at present consists of the ships and the merchandise which those ships are carrying to different destinations. Antonio has no cash in hand. If Antonio did have any cash, he would not be seeking a loan from a money-lender. Ships sailing upon the seas face many dangers. Ships may get wrecked in a storm or by colliding against rocks. Or sea- robbers may attack ships and take away all the merchandise. Thus Antonio might suffer heavy losses and find it impossible to repay the loan within a period of three months.

Question 3.
Do you find Shylock’s logic in his speech to be convincing?
Answer:
Shylock’s speech is perfectly rational and logical and, therefore, quite convincing. Ships in those days did get wrecked in storms, and there were pirates also in those days to rob trading vessels. Shylock talks here in a very plausible manner and, we may say, even in a realistic manner. Subsequently Antonio does suffer heavy losses, and is reduced to a state of bankruptcy.

Question 4.
What inference can you draw from this dialogue about Shylock’s character?
Answer:
Shylock here appears to be a worldly kind of man possessing a lot of practical experience of life and a lot of practical sense. He is aware of all the dangers which ships sailing upon the seas had to face. He is also aware of the fact that sometimes a debtor finds it impossible to repay a debt. Thus Shylock here gives evidence of his shrewdness and his capacity to talk in a plausible and convincing manner. He gives us the impression of being a seasoned money-lender, and a money lender who knows how to transact his business. He is a very calculating kind of man who tries to peer into the future and assess the prospects of a bargain into which he is entering.

Question 5.
Why does Shylock “take his bond”, and what does he gain or lose thereby?
Answer:
“Take his bond” means “accept Antonio as surety for the repayment of the loan”. Shylock gains the opportunity to take his revenge upon Antonio, but soon afterwards loses the opportunity. He is thwarted in his purpose by the superior intelligence of Portia and by her ingenuity in interpreting the bond in such a way as to frustrate Shylock’s design. But Shylock does experience a sense of exultation, though temporarily, at finding that he might, after all, be able to take his revenge upon Antonio.

Passage – 2 (Act. I, Sc.III, Lines 35-55)

Merchant of Venice Workbook Answers Act I, Scene III 2

Merchant of Venice Workbook Answers Act I, Scene III 3

Paraphrase :

SHYLOCK : He looks like a flattering tax collector! I hate him because he is a Christian; But more, because, in his low simplicity, He lends out money free, and brings down The rate of interest with us here in Venice.If I can catch him once at a disadvantage, I’ll feed the ancient grudge I bear him until it’s fat.He hates our sacred nation; and he abuses me, Even there where merchants congregate most of the time, Insulting me, my bargains, and my well-won success, Which he calls interest. Cursed be my tribe of Israel If I forgive him!

BASSANIO : Shylock, do you hear me?

SHYLOCK : I am debating about my present monies, And, by the nearest guess, I remember that I cannot instantly raise up the whole sum Of three thousand dollars. What about that? Tubal, a wealthy Hebrew of my tribe, Will supply me. But wait! How many months Do you want? Relax, good sir; We were just talking about you.

Word Meaning With Annotation

Fawning publican : “fawning” usually means “servile” or “cringing” and there seems no reason why such a term should be applied to Antonio. It is Shylock’s bitter hatred which makes him look on . Antonio’s mood of melancholy in this light. The term “publican” was used in the new Testament with very much the same significance as “a low caste man” or “an untouchable”, low simplicity : stupid ignorance, usance : profit derived from money lending. If I can catch him once upon the hip : To have a man “on the hip,” meant to have secured such a hold on him that he could easily be thrown to the ground. I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him : I will gratify fully the old grievance I have against him. He hates our sacred nation, and he rails (Even there where merchants most do congregate) On me, my bargains, and my well-won thrift,Which he calls interest: In the time of Shakespeare, the modern system of banks was far from appealing. The lending of money was in the hands of private individuals,and there was no restriction on the rate of interest which they could charge. The Jews were foremost in amassing wealth by this means, and they had the reputation of being grasping and merciless creditors. Christian dogma was opposed to this system of becoming rich, and it is definitely forbidden in the Bible, rail: scold; give abuse. Well-won thrift : well-deserved profits. I am debating of : I am calculating, gross : the complete sum. A wealthy Hebrew of my tribe : the Jews were divided into twelve tribes, descended from the twelve children of Israel. Your worship : “Your honour,” a title of respect.

Read the above passage and answer the following questions

Question 1.
What are the grounds for Shylock’s ancient grudge against Antonio?
Answer:
Shylock bears a grudge against Antonio because Antonio has been bringing down the rate of interest in Venice by lending out money gratis. Shylock is also hostile to Antonio because Antonio hates the Jews and because Antonio has been criticizing and defaming Shylock at the Venetian Stock Exchange. Antonio has been condemning Shylock’s money-lending operations and the undue profits which Shylock has been making from those operations.

Question 2.
What idea would you form about Shylock’s character from the dialogue quoted here from The Merchant of Venice?
Answer:
Shylock here appears as a revengeful kind of man. He hates Antonio because Antonio is a Christian while Shylock himself is a Jew. Thus Shylock is a fanatical follower of his religion. Then we find that Shylock is a usurer who cannot tolerate the idea of any man lending out money gratis and thus bringing down the general rate of interest in the city. He is also a hypocrite because, when he says that he does not have so much cash in his own possession and that he would get some money from Tubal, he is telling a lie. He is trying to create an impression on Bassanio that it would be very difficult for him to lend such a large amount of money to Antonio.

Question 3.
To what extent does Shylock afterwards succeed in feeding fat his ancient grudge against Antonio?
Answer:
Shylock afterwards does succeed in feeding his ancient grudge against Antonio to some extent, but his success is short-lived and very limited. Antonio does become a bankrupt, and he does forfeit the bond. The bond is found to be in order by the judge trying the case; and Shylock is even told that he can cut off a pound of Antonio’s flesh. But, when Shylock is almost ready with his knife, the judge warns Shylock against shedding any blood while cutting off the flesh. And so Shylock is, at the last moments, deprived of the opportunity of feeding his ancient grudge.

Question 4.
Explain the words which Shylock here speaks to Antonio.
Answer:
Shylock offers his good wishes to Antonio and says that Antonio’s name had just been mentioned by him (Shylock) and Bassanio. Antonio’s name, says Shylock, had been mentioned in the very last exchange of remarks between him (Shylock) and Bassanio before Antonio’s arrival on the spot.

Question 5.
To what extent do you find Shylock’s reasoning in his first speech here to be convincing?
Answer:
Shylock’s reasoning in his first speech here is quite plausible and even convincing to some extent. The reasons, which Shylock here enumerates for his hatred of Antonio, seem quite strong. Antonio hates Shylock for being a Jew; and Shylock is, therefore, justified in hating Antonio for being a Christian. Shylock is a usurer, while Antonio lends out money gratis, thus bringing down the rate of interest in Venice. Here Shylock is not justified because usury is not something which we can defend. But Shylock is justified in his grievance that Antonio has been publicly denouncing him for charging high rates of interest and for driving hard bargains with his clients.

Passage – 3 (Act I Sc.III Lines 98 to 124)

Merchant of Venice Workbook Answers Act I, Scene III 4
Merchant of Venice Workbook Answers Act I, Scene III 6

Paraphrase :

SHYLOCK : Mr. Antonio, many times and often In the market place you have abused me About my monies and my interest rates; I still have taken it with a patient shrug, Because suffering is the badge of all our tribe; You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, And spat on my Jewish clothes, And all because of using of that which is my own. Well then, it now appears you need my help; Come on, then; you come to me, and you say” Shylock, we would have money.” You say so: You that spit on my beard, And kick me as you spurn a strange dog On your doorstep; money is what you ask for. What should I say to you? Shouldn’t I say” Has a dog got money? Is it possible A dog can lend you three thousand dollars?” Or Shall I bend low and, in a bondman’s voice, With soft breathing and whispering humbleness, Say this:—’’Fair sir, you spit on me on Wednesday last; You spumed me such a day; another time You called me dog; and for these courtesies I’ll lend you thus much money?”

Word Meaning With Annotation

rated : blamed; scolded, gaberdine : a peculiar type of robe worn by the Jews. For Antonio to spit upon it would be a direct insult to Jewish nationality for use of that : for using my own money as I choose, void your rheum : spot, cast your saliva, moneys is your suit : now your request is for money! bondsman’s key : “a voice like a slave.” key = tone, bated breath : quiet breath.

Read the above passage and answer the following questions

Question 1.
What is Shylock’s grievance against Antonio?
Answer:
Shylock’s grievance is that he has been on several occasions scolded by Antonio for the loans be given to people by taking interest from them.

Question 2.
In what ways has Antonio insulted Shylock?
Answer:
Shylock has been called a misbehavier, a cut-throat dog by Antonio. Antonio has also spat upon his Jewish gaberdine.

Question 3.
What according to Shylock, is the cause for which Antonio has been abusing Shylock?
Answer:
Antonio has been abusing Shylock for charging interest on the money which belonged to him and which he gave loan to others.

Question 4.
In what tone does Shylock talk while considering Antonio’s request for money?
Answer:
Shylock talks in a ironical tone.

Question 5.
Who is “Fair Sir”, and who is “Cur” in the passage?
Answer:
Antonio is Fair Sir and Shylock is the Cur in this passage.

Passage – 4 (Act I Sc. III, 129, 143)

Merchant of Venice Workbook Answers Act I, Scene III 7

Paraphrase :

ANTONIO: I am likely to call you so again, To spit on you again, to spurn you too. If you will lend this money, don’t lend it As if to your friends,— because when did friendship take Race as pure proof of his friend’s worthiness? But lend it rather to your enemy, Who, if he defaults may face Exact the penalty better.

SHYLOCK : Why, look, how you get angry! I wish to be friends with you, and have your friendship,Forget the shames that you have stained me with, Supply you need right now, and don’t pay a jot of interest for my money, and you’ll not hear me complain: I offer you kindness.

Word Meaning With Annotation

I am as like to call thee so again : “It is quite likely that I shall do so again.” Antonio is quite frank about his treatment of Shylock; he admits it, and offers no regrets. His attitude seems to be that it is a natural thing, and just what a Jew might expect, for when did friendship take a breed for barren metal of his friend : the word “breed” is probably used because the illustration of Jacob and his lambs is still fresh in the mind of Antonio. He means “profit” i.e., interest produced by lent money, just as lambs are produced by sheep. But lend it rather to thine enemy : But rather consider me as an enemy when lending it. If he break : If he break the conditions agreed upon; if he fail to repay, with better face : with a better appearance of justice; with no shame in doing so. would be : would like to be.and take no doit of usance : “and accept not one pie of interest.” This is kind I offer : “A man likes the company of his own kind” Shylock means, “This is your own system of loan which I offer, without any interest.” But there may be a double meaning intended, for “to pay a man in kind” means to return -similar treatment to him.

Read the above passage and answer the following questions

Question 1.
I am as like to call thee so again,” What “has Antonio called Shylock. He insists on calling him so again, why so?
Answer:
When Antonio approaches Shylock for a loan to satisfy the demand of his friend, Shylock reminds him that he has always treated him badly. Antonio has called him a dog. Now Shylock demands if a dog can lend money. He reminds Antonio that he has come to seek the help of the person whom he has always abused.
Antonio is still undeterred in saying that he has not only called Shylock a dog in the past, but he is going to do it again in future. He is not going to change his attitude towards the Jew just because he is intending take a loan from him. It is a question of his personal like or dislike. Taking or giving a loan is a business transaction based on profit-making.

Question 2.
What else is Antonio prepared to do again? What reasons has he for behaving in this manner?
Answer:
Antonio is angry when he says that besides calling Shylock a dog, he is going to spit on him again. He is likely to kick him again. Antonio has his own reasons for behaving in this manner. He thinks that it is immoral to charge any interest on loans given to the needy people.

Question 3.
Why should Shylock not advance the loan as to a friend?
Answer:
Antonio challenges Shylock and tells him not to advance any loan as to a friend. When we advance a loan to a friend, we do not charge any interest on it. But Shylock is not going to give up his interest.

Question 4.
“But lend it rather to thine enemy”. Antonio admits that he is Shylock’s enemy. What is Shylock’s benefit in lending it to an enemy?
Answer:
Antonio admits that he is Shylock’s enemy. He is frank is saying that Shylock may lend it rather to his enemy. It will have to benefit of providing an opportunity to the Jew to claim penalty in case of non-repayment of the money.

Question 5.
Does Shylock extend the hand of friendship to Antonio?
Answer:
Shylock seems to extend the hand of friendship to Antonio. He tries to comfort him by saying that he will love to win Antonio’s love. He may forget the unpleasant past. On his part, Shylock makes a surprising offer that he will give the loan without charging any interesting on it.

Question 6.
Is he really making a generous offer to his former enemy?
Answer:
Shylock seems to be making a generous offer. A hard bargainer like him is willing to give a loan on such terms. But he is not sincere in what he is saying. He is a cunning fellow dealing with a simple person like Antonio.

Passage – 5 (Act I Sc. III, 143-152)

Merchant of Venice Workbook Answers Act I, Scene III 8

Paraphrase :

BASSANIO : This was kindness?

SHYLOCK : I will show you this kindness. Go with me to a notary, seal your single promise to pay me there; and, in a happy sport, If you don’t repay me on such a day, In such a place, such sum or sums as are Expressed in the conditions, let the penalty Be an equal pound of your beautiful flesh, to be cut off and taken In whatever part of your body that pleases me.

Word Meaning With Annotation

This were kindness : Antonio, of course, sees no double meaning in Shylock’s words, and replies, “That would indeed be kindness on your part.” notary : a solicitor; a legal officer, single bond : a bond undertaken by one man, i.e., it was signed by Antonio alone, nominated : agreed upon, equal pound : exactly a pound

Read the above passage and answer the following questions

Question 1.
What kindness is referred to by Bassanio ? Which are the legal formalities proposed by Shylock before he would give the loan?
Answer:
Bassanio is referring to Shylock’s offer to advance a loan of three thousand ducats, on which he will charge no interest. According to Bassanio, it will be an act of kindness.
Shylock, however, proposes that certain legal formalities may be completed before he would give the loan. They will go to a Notary, an official who attests agreements of this kind. There, Antonio will execute a bond, affirming that if the money is not repaid on the fixed day, Antonio will lose a pound of flesh to be cut of from any part of his body.

Question 2.
State the remark which Shylock makes in order to calm any fear Antonio might have about sealing the proposed bond. Is Shylock sincere in his remark? Give a reason to substantiate your answer?
Answer:
Shylock remarks that “in a merry sport” the bond will mention the penalty for failure to repay the loan on time. This remark that it will be just for fun that they state the unusual penalty, is cleverly made to calm any fear Antonio might have about sealing the proposed bond.
Shylock is not sincere in his remark. He is trying to cover up the cruel nature of his condition to pay the loan. This fact is brought out by the future events when Shylock insists on cutting off a pound of flesh from Antonio’s body.

Question 3.
Why does Shylock insist on demanding a pound of Antonio’s flesh? Which aspect of his character is shown in his demand?
Answer:
Shylock insists on demanding a pound of Antonio’s flesh because he hates this Christian. Shylock loves to earn interest on the loan advanced to other. But in case of Antonio he has personal and professional reasons to take his revenge on this man.
Shylock shows his cruel and heartless nature. He is cunning in concealing his intention by couching his words in a pleasant language.

Question 4.
What does Antonio say in reaction to Shylock’s demand? What aspect of Antonio’s character is shown in this incident?
Answer:
Antonio readily agrees to sign the bond. He accepts all conditions proposed by Shylock. This shows that Antonio is a simple hearted person. He does not suspect his enemy’s motives in proposing an unusual penalty on forfeiture of the bond.

Question 5.
How does Bassanio react to Antonio’s willingness to sign the bond?
Answer:
Bassanio forbids his friend to sign such a cruel bond. He prefers to dot without the money he needs than ask his dear friend Antonio to seal such a bond.

Question 6.
Why is Antonio so confident that he would not have to forfeit a pound of his flesh? Do you think that Antonio acts prudently in agreeing to sign the bond?
Answer:
Antonio is confident that he would not have to forfeit a pound of his flesh. The bond grants him a period of three months for repayment. He expects to have in his hands atleast nine times the amount of the bond money before the expiry of two months. He will have enough money with him a month before the due date for repayment. So he can go ahead without any fear.
Antonio does not act prudently in agreeing to sign the bond. As we know, he has his many ships carrying merchandise to different destinations. His earnings depend upon the safe return of these ships. These ships are subject to the usual risks of the sea, like winds and storms. It is particularly difficult to calculate the exact time when the ships might return to Venice.
Antonio fails to foresee the unexpected that might happen to delay the return of his ships. He also fails to imagine that his enemy will not relent in the matter of claiming his pound of flesh if his money is not repaid by the fixed date.

Passage – 6 (Act I Sc. III, 153-160)

Merchant of Venice Workbook Answers Act I, Scene III 9

Paraphrase :

ANTONIO : Happily, in faith; I’ll put my seal to such a promise to pay, And say there is much kindness in the Jew.

BASSANIO : You shall not put your seal to such a promise to pay For me; I’d rather live in my poverty.

ANTONIO : Why, don’t be afraid, man; I won’t default in payment; Within the next two months, that’s a month before This promise to pay expires, I expect to get a return Of three times three of the value of this promise to pay.

Word Meaning With Annotation

I’ll seal to such a bond : ‘I will place my name to this agreement.’ I’ll rather dwell in my necessity : “I would rather remain in my present state of need.” within these two months : in two months from this date.

Read the lines given above and answer the questions that follow

Question 1.
Where are Antonio and Bassanio? Why are they there? Who else is present?
Answer:
Antonio and Bassanio are in Venice. They have come to meet Shylock, the Jew, who is a money lender. Bassanio is in need of three thousand ducats. Antonio, who does not have ready money to help his friend, comes to the money-lender to borrow it from him against his own security. Besides Antonio and Bassanio the other person present there is Shylock, the Jew.

Question 2.
Explain what the word : ‘bond’ here means? What were the terms of this bond?
Answer:
The ‘bond’ here means an agreement relating to a loan of three thousand ducats. This loan is being given by Shylock, the Jew, and is being received by Bassanio, with Antonio binding himself to the responsibility of repaying it within three months.
The terms of the bond are that the loan of three thousand ducats being given as interest-free loan and will have to be repaid within three months. If Antonio fails to repay it within this period, the bond fixes penalty for the forfeiture. Shylock will have the right to cut off a pound of flesh from any part of Antonio’s body.

Question 3.
What does Antonio means to say by ‘kindness in the Jew’? Was this justified later? Give a reason to substantiate your answer.
Answer:
Antonio means to say that by agreeing to give the loan, Shylock, the Jew, has shown that he is kind hearted man. The harsh penalty in case of forfeiture does not seem to be of any concern to this simple-hearted merchant of Venice.
Antonio was totally unjustified in seeing any kindness in the Jew. It was his error of judgement that he did not suspect any foul play. Later it was proved that the Jew (Shylock) was not only unkind but callous and cruel. He insisted on cutting off a pound of flesh from Antonio bosom even if it meant the poor fellow’s death. It hardly mattered to him if as a result of the wound, Antonio bled to death.

Question 4.
What danger does Bassanio foresee for Antonio? What does Bassanio mean by saying ‘rather dwell in my necessity’?
Answer:
Bassanio cautions his friend Antonio not to sign the bond. He sees the danger in signing such a bond. He correctly judges Shylock. He understands that the money-lender’s intentions are not good and he means to do mischief. If such a situation arises, Shylock will not hesitate to penalise Antonio.
Thus, Bassanio says that he would rather prefer to live with his needs unfulfilled than risk his friend’s life in standing surety for him in that manner.

Question 5.
What does ‘not forfeit it’ mean here? What reason does Antonio give for his confidence? With reference to what Shylock has said earlier in this scene regarding Antonio’s ships, do you consider that Antonio acts wisely in accepting the bond?
Answer:
Antonio means to say that he would be able to repay the money within the specified period. He would not forfeit the bond because he would repay the sum within specified priod. He would not incur the penalty.
Antonio does not act wisely in accepting the bond. Shylock has already said earlier in the scene that he has full knowledge of Antonio’s business. He admits that Antonio is a rich merchant but he had invested his everything in ships that are sailing in different sea heading for various ports. As such, his whole money is in danger. In the light of this assessment, Antonio has acted unwisely in accepting the terms and conditions of the bond.

Question 6.
At the end of this scene, Antonio speaks of Shylock as ‘gentle Jew’ and Bassanio speaks of him (Shylock) as having a ‘villain’s mind’. What do these two phrases tell us about the natures of Antonio and Bassanio? Which of these opinions later proved true, and why?
Answer:
At the end of the scene, Antonio has totally revised his opinion about Shylock. He calls him a ‘gentle Jew’ who is turning a Christian by growing kind, Bassanio, however, does not like to hear a polite language from a person who is a known villain.
Of the two opposite opinions expressed, later it is proved that Bassanio was true in his judgement. He was more alert than Antonio in suspecting Shylock’s plan. He was unwilling to believe that a villain was capable of doing good.

Passage – 7 (Act I Sc. III Lines 162-172)

Merchant of Venice Workbook Answers Act I, Scene III 10

Paraphrase :

SHYLOCK : Oh, father Abraham, what are these Christians, Whose own hard dealings teach them to suspect The thoughts of others. Please, tell me this; If he should break his promise, what should I gain By taking his forfeit? A pound of man’s flesh, taken from a man, Is not so valuable, or profitable either, As flesh of mutton, beef, or goat. I say, To buy his good will, I extend this friendship; If he will take it, okay; if not, goodbye; And, for my friendship, please don’t insult me.

Word Meaning With Annotation

Father Abraham : see note 11. 68.71. Naturally Shylock swears by his great Jewish ancestor, break his day : break his promise to pay on a certain day. muttons, beefs : these words,refer only to the flesh of animals, were originally French, and meant “sheep” and “oxen.”

Read the above passage and answer the following questions

Question 1.
Why does Shylock call all Christians Strange?
Answer:
Shylock feels that all Christians are strange people. Their Own rigid business desires make Shylock suspect the motives of others.

Question 2.
What will Shylock gain by having a pound of flesh?
Answer:
Shylock will not gain anything by having Antonio’s pound of flesh if he forfeits the bond.

Question 3.
Can flesh fetch any price in the market?
Answer:
Human flesh cannot fetch any price in-the market. It has neither the value nor the utility.

Question 4.
What does the word “adieu” mean?
Answer:
The word ‘adieu’ means farewell or good bye.

Question 5.
Why does he extend this friendly offer?
Answer:
He extends his friendly offer in order to vein Antonio’s favour. If he accepts it, well and good. If not farewell.

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