Study of Compounds – ML Aggarwal Solutions

ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry – Study of Compounds: Hydrogen Chloride

August 11, 2022December 4, 2019 by Prasanna

ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry – Study of Compounds: Hydrogen Chloride

APlusTopper.com provides ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 8 Study of Compounds: Hydrogen Chloride for ICSE Board Examinations. We provide step by step Solutions for ICSE Chemistry Class 10 Solutions Pdf. You can download the Class 10 Chemistry ICSE Textbook Solutions with Free PDF download option.

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Short Questions

Question 1: (i) State one condition under which chlorine and hydrogen react to form hydrogen chloride gas.
(ii) Give balanced chemical equation for the above reaction.
(iii) Name the gas which is a covalent compound but becomes electrovalent when dissolved in water ?
(iv) For which gas, ammonia fountain experiment can be used ?
Answer: (i) Presence of diffused sunlight.
(ii) H₂ + Cl₂ ⟶ 2HCl
(iii) Hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas.
(iv) Hydrogen chloride gas.

Question 2: A colourless gas G fumes strongly in the air. The gas gives dense white fumes when a glass rod dipped in ammonia solution is held near the gas.
Answer the following questions:
(i) Name the gas G.
(ii) Name two chemicals used in the preparation of the gas G.
(iii) Write the chemical equations for the reaction of the chemicals named in (ii) when :
(a) The reaction mixture is not heated.
(b) The reaction mixture is heated above 100°C.
(iv) Why does the gas G fume strongly in air ?
(v) Why does the gas G form dense white fumes with ammonium hydroxide ?
Answer: (i) The gas G is hydrogen chlorine gas.
(ii) The chemicals are (i) sodium chloride, (ii) concentrate sulphuric acid.
(iii) (a) NaCl + H₂SO₄ (conc.) ⟶ NaHSO₄ + HCl (g)
(b) Nacl + NaHSO₄ ⟶ Na₂SO₄ + HCl (g)
(iv) It is because the HCl gas is extremely soluble in water. Thus the gas dissolves in water vapour present in the air to form tiny droplets of hydrochloric acid, which appear in the form of fumes.
(v) The HCl gas reacts with vapours of ammonium hydroxide to form very fine solid particles of ammonium hydroxide which are white in colour. These white particles of solid ammonium hydroxide appear in the form of white fumes.

Question 3: (i) How will you dry HCl acid gas.
(ii) Give three tests of hydrogen chloride.
(iii) Which two colourless gases combine to form a white solid.
Answer: (i) HCl gas can be dried by passing it over conc. H₂SO₄, which acts as a powerful dehydrating agent.
(ii) Tests for Hydrogen Chloride.
(1) It gives dense white fumes with a rod dipped in NH₄OH solution.
(2) It produces white ppt. with AgNO₃ solution.

(3) It turns moist blue litmus red.
(iii) NH₃ and HCl gases combine to form a white solid NH₄Cl

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUMYd1zQELk

Question 4: (i) (a) What must be added to sodium chloride to obtain hydrogen chloride ?
(b) Write the equation for the reaction which takes place in (a) (i) above.
(c) What would you see when hydrogen chloride is mixed with ammonia ?
(ii) Hydrogen chloride dissolve in water forming an acidic solution:
(a) Name the experiment which demonstrates that hydrogen chloride is very soluble in water.
(b) Give three distinct tests (apart from using an indicator) you would carry out with this solution to illustrate the typical properties of an acid.
Answer: (i) (a) Concentrated Sulphuric acid.
ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry - Study of Compounds Hydrogen Chloride 3
(c) When aqueous solution of ammonia is taken in the jar of hydrogen chloride, it forms dense white fumes of ammonium chloride.
NH₃+ HCl ⟶ NH₃Cl
(ii) (a) Fountain experiment.
(b) An acid reacts with:
(I) Metal carbonates and bicarbonates with effervescence to liberate CO₂.
(II) Acids react with metal sulphides to liberate H₂S gas which has smell of rotten eggs
(III) Acids react with metal sulphites to liberate SO₂ gas.

Question 5: (i) (a) Name the oxidising agent in the reaction between Manganese dioxide and cone, hydro-chloric acid.
(b) State your observation when a rod dipped in ammonium hydroxide solution is brought near a gas jar containing hydrogen chloride gas.
Manganese (IV) oxide, lead (IV) oxide and red lead (Pb₃O₄) react with concentrated hydrochloric acid liberating chlorine.
(ii) (a) What is the common property being shown by these metal oxides ?
(b) Write the equation for the reaction of concentrated hydrochloric add with Pb₃O₄.
(c) What kind of compound can be added to bleaching powder to obtain chlorine ?
Answer: (i) (a) Manganese dioxide acts as an oxidising agent.
(b) Dense white fumes appear in the jar on account of formation of fine particles of ammonium chloride which get suspended in the gas.
(ii) (a) Oxidizing agents
(b) Pb₃O₄ + 8HCl ⟶ 3PbCl₂ + 4H₂O + Cl₂
(c) Dilute acid (Hydrochloric acid)

Question 6: Answer the following questions, stating your answer only to compounds in the following list: Silver nitrate, hydrochloric acid, chlorine, ammonia, bleaching powder.
(i) What is water sterilizer ?
(ii) Which compound forms curdy white precipitate with hydrogen chloride ?
(iii) Name the gas which produces dense white fumes with ammonia, write the balanced chemical equation.
Answer: (i) Chlorine is water sterilizer.
(ii) Silver nitrate and hydrochloric acid forms white ppt.
AgNO₃ + HCl ⟶ AgCl (White ppt.) + HNO₃
White ppt.
(iii) Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
NH₃ + HCl ⟶ NH₄Cl (Dense white fumes)

Question 7: (i) When moist chlorine reacts with hydrogen sulphide, two products are formed :
(a) A gas which fumes in moist air; and
(b) A yellow solid.
Name these products.
(ii) What type of reaction is taking place when chlorine acts as a bleaching agent ?
Answer: (i) (a) Hydrogen chloride gas (b) Sulphur
(ii) Oxidation reaction.

Question 8: From the gases-ammonia, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide-Select the following:
(i) The gas which gives a white percipitate when reacted with silver nitrate solution
acidified with dilute nitric acid.
(ii) A solution of hydrogen chloride in water is prepared. The following substances are added to separate portions of the solution.
ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry - Study of Compounds Hydrogen Chloride 4
Complete the table by writing the gas evolved in each case and its odour, (i) Hydrogen chloride
Answer: (i) hydrogen chloride
(ii)

Question 9: What is aqua regia ? How does it help in dissolving Gold or Platinum.
Answer: A mixture of 1 part of cone, nitric acid and 3 parts of cone, hydro chloric acid by weight is called aqua regia.
The cone. HCl and conc. HNO₃ reacts to form hascent chlorine which reacts with Gold or Platinum to form their respective soluble chlorides.
ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry - Study of Compounds Hydrogen Chloride 6

Question 10: State three uses of hydrochloric acid.
Answer: (i) It is used in the manufacture of silver chloride, which is used widely in photography.
(ii) It is used in the manufacture of dyes, drugs and paints.
(iii) It is used for cleaning metal surface before painting, electroplating, galvanising, soldering etc.

Figure/Table Based Questions

Question 1: Refer to the flow chart diagram below and give balanced equations with conditions, if any, for the following conversions A to D.

Answer:
ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry - Study of Compounds Hydrogen Chloride 8

Question 2: In the laboratory preparation of hydrochloric acid, HCl gas is dissolved in water.
(i) Draw a diagram to show the arrangement used for the absorption of HCl in water.
(ii) Why is such an arrangement necessary ? Give two reasons.
(iii) Write the chemical equations for the laboratory preparation of HCl gas when the reactants are :
(A) below 200°C (B) above 200°C
Answer:
ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry - Study of Compounds Hydrogen Chloride 9

Question 3: The diagram shows an apparatus for the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride.
ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry - Study of Compounds Hydrogen Chloride 10
(i) Identify A and B.
(ii) Write the equation for the reaction.
(iii) How would you check whether or not the gas jar is filled with hydrogen chloride ?
(iv) What does the method of collection tell you about the density of hydrogen chloride ?
Answer:
ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry - Study of Compounds Hydrogen Chloride 11
(iii) If a moist blue litmus brought near the mouth of gas jar turns red, the gas jar is filled with HCI.
(iv) Hydrogen chloride is denser than air.

Question 4: Study the figure given below and answer the questions that follow:
ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry - Study of Compounds Hydrogen Chloride 12
(i) Identify the gas Y.
(ii) What property of gas Y does this experiment demonstrate ?
(iii) Name another gas which has the same property and can be demonstrated through this experiment.
Answer: (i) Y is hydrochloride (HCl) gas.
(ii) Gas Y is highly soluble in water.
(iii) Ammonia gas.

Question 5: The given figure shown is for the preparation of an acid.
ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry - Study of Compounds Hydrogen Chloride 13
(i) Name the acid prepared by this method.
(ii) Name the reactants used.
(iii) Why an empty flask is used.
(iv) What is the drying agent used ? Why is this drying agent chosen.
(v) What is the role of inverted funnel in the arrangement ?
Answer: (i) Hydrochloric acid.
(ii) Sodium chloride and cone, sulphuric acid.
(iii) An empty flask is used to prevent back suction. If back susetin occurs, the water will collect in it and will not reach the generating flask.
(iv) The drying agent used is concentrated sulphuric acid. Because it does not react with hydrogen chloride.
(v) The role of inverted funnel in the arrangement is :
(a) Prevents back-suction of water.
(b) Providesa large surface area for absorption of HCl gas.

Question 6: (i) Name the experimental illustrated in the diagram.
ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry - Study of Compounds Hydrogen Chloride 14
(ii) Which property of hydrogen chloride is demonstrated by this experiment.
(iii) State the colour of the water that has entered the round bottomed flask.
Answer: (i) Fountain experiment.
(ii) Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is highly soluble in water.
(iii) The colour of water that has entered the round bottomed flask is red.

Reasoning based Questions

Question 1: Mixture of sodium chloride and concentrated sulphuric acid does not heated above the temperature of 170°C while preparing hydrogen chloride. Why ?
Answer: The mixture of sodium chloride and concentrated sulphuric acid is not heated above 170°C in preparing hydrogen chloride gas because at a higher temperature sodium sulphate is formed which is a hard substance and difficult to remove from the reaction flask.
2NaCl + H₂S0₄ → Na₂S0₄ + 2HCl

Question 2: Hydrogen chloride gas cannot be dried over quick time. Why ?
Answer: Because quick lime is basic in nature and combines with moist hydrogen chloride gas forming calcium chloride.

Question 3: Quick lime and phosphorus pentaoxide cannot be used for drying hydrochloric acid gas. Why?
Answer: Quick linie and phosphorus pentaoxide cannot be used for drying HCl gas, because both reacts with HCl.

Question 4: Hydrogen chloride is not collected over water. Why ?
Answer: Hydrogen chloride is not collected over water because it is highly soluble in water.

Question 5: When the stopper of a bottle full of hydrogen chloride gas is opened there are fumes in the air ?
Answer: This is because hydrogen chloride gas has an affinity for water, hence, when the stopper is opened it immediately reacts with water vapour present in the atmosphere which leads to the formation of fumes.

Question 6: Dilute hydrochloric acid cannot be concentrated by distilling (boiling) the dilute acid. Why ?
Answer: When dilute hydrochloric acid is distilled, a constant boiling mixture containing 20 – 24% of hydrochloric acid distills over unchanged at 760 mm Hg pressure. This constant boiling mixture cannot be separated into its constituents by simply distilling.

Question 7: Anhydrous HCl is a poor conductor while aqueous HCl is an excellent conductor. Why ?
Answer: This is because anhydrous HCl does not contain any free ions. But when HCl is dissolved in water, it dissociates into hydronium ion (H₃O⁺) and chloride ion (Cl^–). Due to the presence of free ions, aqueous solution of HCl conducts electricity.

Question 8: Sodium is not used to prepare hydrogen from hydrochloric acid (or any other acid). Why ?
Answer: Sodium is not used to prepare hydrogen from acids because sodium metal is highly reactive. So, the reaction with acids is much exothermic and there are more chances of explosion. It is also very dangerous to handle sodium metal.

Question 9: Silver nitrate crystals are dissolved in distilled water and not in tap water in order to prepare a solution of silver nitrate as a laboratory reagent. Why ?
Answer: Tap water always contains some amount of dissolved sodium chloride. Thus when the solution of silver nitrate is prepared in tap water, it reacts to form curdy white precipitate of silver chloride.
AgNO₃ + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO₃
To prevent the above chemical reaction, the solution of silver nitrate is prepared in distilled water.

Question 10: Water for drinking purpose and in swimming pools, is treated with chlorine. Give reason.
Answer: Water for drinking purpose and in swimming pools is treated with chlorine because it sterilises the water. Due to its strong oxidizing action, it destroys bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms.

Question 11: Why is it inadvisable to use bleaching powder as a disinfectant when it is mixed with acids ?
Answer: When an acid is mixed into bleaching powder, chlorine gas is liberated which pollutes the atmosphere and makes it unsafe for breathing.
CaOCl₂ + H₂SO₄ → CaSO₄ + H₂O + Cl₂

Chemical Tests

Question:
1. Manganese dioxide and copper (II) oxide.
2. Hydrogen chloride gas and carbon dioxide gas.
3. Give three tests for HCl gas.
Answer: 1. When cone, hydrogen chloride is added to manganese dioxide, greenish yellow gas (Cl2) is liberated.
ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry - Study of Compounds Hydrogen Chloride 15
When cone, hydrogen chloride is added to copper (II) oxide, no. gas is liberated but the solution turns bluish because of the formation of copper chloride.

2. When passed into silver nitrate solution, forms a curdy white precipitate of silver chloride.
ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry - Study of Compounds Hydrogen Chloride 17
When passed into lime water, forms a milky white precipitate of calcium carbonate.

3.(i) When a glass rod dipped in ammonia, solution is held near the vapours of the acid, it form a dense white fumes of ammonium chloride.
(ii) When hydrochloric acid is treated with silver nitrate solution, it forms curdy white precipitate which is soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide solution.
(iii) When hydrochloric acid is boiled with manganese dioxide, greenish yellow chlorine gas is evolved.

Balancing/Writing the Chemical Equations

Question 1: Write balanced equations for the reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with each of the following :

1.	Iron	2.	Sodium hydrogen carbonate
3.	Iron (II) sulphide	4.	Sodium sulphite
5.	Sodium thiosulphate solution	6.	Calcium bicarbonate
7.	Calcium carbonate	8.	Sodium hydroxide
9.	Zinc metal	10.	Potassium permanganate
11.	Red lead heated	12.	Magnesium metal
13.	Ammonium hydroxide.	14.	Magnesium sulphite.
15.	Sodium hydrogen sulphide.	16.	Manganese dioxide.

Answer:
ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry - Study of Compounds Hydrogen Chloride 19

Question 2: Write balanced equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid with each of the following :
1. Marble chips
2. Calcium sulphite
3. Lead nitrate solution.
4. Mangnese oxide.
Answer:
ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry - Study of Compounds Hydrogen Chloride 20

Question 3: Complete and balance the following equations :
ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry - Study of Compounds Hydrogen Chloride 21

Answer:

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Selina Concise Chemistry Class 10 ICSE Solutions Study of Compounds – Nitric Acid

August 11, 2022July 20, 2017 by Veerendra

Selina Concise Chemistry Class 10 ICSE Solutions Study of Compounds – Nitric Acid

APlusTopper.com provides step by step solutions for Selina Concise ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 10 Nitric Acid. You can download the Selina Concise Chemistry ICSE Solutions for Class 10 with Free PDF download option. Selina Publishers Concise Chemistry for Class 10 ICSE Solutions all questions are solved and explained by expert teachers as per ICSE board guidelines.

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ICSE Solutions Selina ICSE Solutions

Selina ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 10 Study of Compounds – Nitric Acid

Exercise 1

Solution 1.

(a) Aqua fortis: Nitric acid is called aqua fortis. Aqua fortis means strong water. It is so called because it reacts with nearly all metals.

(b) Aqua Regia: Conc. Nitric acid (1part by volume) when mixed with conc. Hydrochloric acid (3 parts by volume) gives a mixture called aqua regia. It means Royal water.
HNO₃ +3HCl → NOCl +2H₂O +2[Cl]

(c) Fixation of Nitrogen: The conversion of free atmospheric nitrogen into useful nitrogenous compounds in the soil is known as fixation of atmospheric nitrogen.

Solution 2.

During lightning discharge, the nitrogen present in the atmosphere reacts with oxygen to form nitric oxide.
selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-nitric-acid-2
The nitrogen dioxide dissolves in atmospheric moisture in the presence of oxygen of the air and forms nitric acid which is washed down by the rain and combines with the salt present on the surface of the earth.
4NO₂+ 2H₂O + O₂ → 4HNO₃

Solution 3.

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-nitric-acid-3-1
(b) Concentrated hydrochloric acid cannot replace Conc. Sulphuric acid for the preparation of nitric acid because hydrochloric acid is volatile acid and hence nitric acid vapours will carry HCl vapours.

(c) Conc. Nitric acid prepared in the laboratory is yellow in colour due to the dissolution of reddish brown coloured nitrogen dioxide gas in acid. This gas is produced due to the thermal dissociation of a portion of nitric acid.
4HNO₃ → 2H₂O + 4NO₂ + O₂The yellow colour of the acid is removed:
If dry air or CO₂ is bubbled through the yellow acid, the acid turns colourless because it drives out NO₂ from warm acid which is further oxidized to nitric acid.
By addition of excess of water, nitrogen dioxide gas dissolves in water and thus the yellow colour of the acid is removed.

(d)The temperature of the mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid and sodium nitrate should not exceed 200^oC because sodium sulphate formed at higher temperature forms a hard crust which sticks to the walls of the retort and is difficult to remove. At higher temperature nitric acid may also decompose.

Solution 4.

Nitric acid forms a constant boiling mixture with water containing 68% acid. This mixture boils constantly at constant boiling point without any change in its composition. At this temperature, the gas and the water vapour escape together. Hence the composition of the solution remains unchanged. So nitric acid cannot be concentrated beyond 68% by distillation of dilute solution of HNO₃.

Solution 5.

Iron becomes inert when reacted with nitric acid due to the formation of extremely thin layer of insoluble metallic oxide which stops the reaction.
Passivity can be removed by rubbing the surface layer with the sand paper or by treating with strong reducing agent.

Solution 6.

(a) When carbon and conc. Nitric acid is heated the products formed are Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide and water.
C + 4HNO₃ → CO₂ + 2H₂O + 4NO₂

(b) Copper when reacts with dilute HNO₃ forms Copper nitrate, Nitric oxide and water.
3Cu + 8 HNO₃ → 3Cu(NO₃) ₂ + 4H₂O + 2NO

Solution 7.

(a) Reaction of nitric acid with non-metals:
C + 4HNO₃ → CO₂ + 2H₂O + 4 NO₂S + 6 HNO₃ → H₂SO₄ + 2H₂O + 6 NO₂

(b) Nitric acid showing acidic character:
K₂O + 2HNO₃ → 2KNO₃ + H₂O
ZnO + 2HNO₃ → Zn(NO₃)₂ + H₂O

Solution 8.

(a) When Sodium hydrogen carbonate is added to nitric acid sodium nitrate, carbon dioxide and water is formed.
NaHCO₃ + HNO₃ NaNO₃+ H₂O + CO₂

(b) When Cupric oxide reacts with dilute nitric acid, it forms Copper nitrate.
CuO + 2HNO₃ → Cu(NO₃)₂ + H₂O

(d) 4HNO₃ → 2H₂O + 4NO₂ + O₂

Solution 9.

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-nitric-acid-9

Solution 10.

(a) Sodium nitrate:
NaOH + HNO₃ → NaNO₃ +H₂O
Sodium hydroxide reacts with nitric acid to form sodium nitrate.

(b) Copper nitrate:
CuO + 2HNO₃ → Cu(NO₃)₂ + H₂O
Copper oxide reacts with nitric acid to form copper nitrate.

(d) Magnesium nitrate:
Mg +2HNO₃ → Mg(NO₃)₂ + H₂Magnesium with dil. nitric acid to form magnesium nitrate.

(e) Ferric nitrate:
Fe + 6HNO₃ → Fe(NO₃)₃ + 3H₂O + 3NO₂Iron reacts with conc. nitric acid to form ferric nitrate.

(f) Aqua regia:
HNO₃ + 3HCl NOCl +2H₂O + 2[Cl]
Nitric acid reacts with hydrochloric acid to form a mixture called aqua regia.

Solution 11.

(a) HNO₃ is strong oxidizing agent.
(b) NaNO₃ gives NaNO₂ and oxygen on heating.
(c) Constant boiling nitric acid contains 68% nitric acid by weight.
(d) Nitric acid turns yellow solution when exposed to light.

Solution 12.

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-nitric-acid-12

Solution 13.

The chemical name of the brown ring is Nitroso ferrous sulphate.
Formula: FeSO₄. NO

Solution 14.

Three important uses of Nitric acid and the property of nitric acid involved is:

S.NO.	Use	Property
1.	To etch designs on copper and brassware.	Nitric acid act as solvent for large number of metals.
2.	To purify gold.	Impurities like Cu, Ag, Zn, etc. dissolve in nitric acid.
3.	Preparation of aqua regia.	Dissolves noble metals.

Solution 15.

(a)KNO₃(b) FeSO₄(c) NO₂

Solution 16.

(a) Brown ring test
Procedure:

Add freshly prepared saturated solution of iron (II)sulphate to the aq. solution of nitric acid.
Now add conc. Sulphuric acid carefully from the sides of the test tube, so that it should not fall drop wise in the test tube.
Cool the test tube in water.
(iv) A brown ring appears at the junction of the two liquids.

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-nitric-acid-16
(b) A freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution is used because on exposure to the atmosphere, it is oxidized to ferric sulphate which will not give the brown ring.

Solution 17.

(a) Potassium nitrate
(b) Ammonium nitrate
(c) Lead nitrate

Solution 18.

(a) Aqua regia is a mixture of 3 parts Hydrochloric acid and one part Nitric acid.
(b) The catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide is exothermic.
(c) Magnesium gives H₂ with very dilute nitric acid.
(d) Iron become passive in concentrated nitric acid

Solution 19.

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-nitric-acid-19

Solution 1 (2004).

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-nitric-acid-1-2004

Solution 1 (2005).

(a) Dilute acid is generally considered a typical acid except for its reaction with metals since it does not liberate hydrogen. It is a powerful oxidizing agent and the nascent oxygen formed oxidizes the hydrogen to water.
(b) 3Cu + 8HNO₃ → 3Cu(NO₃)₂ + 4H₂O +2NO

Solution 1 (2006).

(a) All glass apparatus are used because nitric acid vapours are highly corrosive in nature and corrodes cork and rubber etc.
(b) Nitric acid is kept in reagent bottle because nitric acid is a highly fuming liquid; it spreads in air and is highly corrosive.

Solution 1 (2007).

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-nitric-acid-1-2007

Solution 1 (2008).

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-nitric-acid-1-2008

Solution 2 (2006).

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-nitric-acid-2-2006

Solution 3 (2006).

When ammonium nitrate is heated the products formed are nitrous oxide and steam.

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Selina Concise Chemistry Class 10 ICSE Solutions Study of Compounds – Study of Compounds – Ammonia

August 11, 2022July 19, 2017 by Veerendra

Selina Concise Chemistry Class 10 ICSE Solutions Study of Compounds – Study of Compounds – Ammonia

APlusTopper.com provides step by step solutions for Selina Concise ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 9 Study of Compounds Ammonia. You can download the Selina Concise Chemistry ICSE Solutions for Class 10 with Free PDF download option. Selina Publishers Concise Chemistry for Class 10 ICSE Solutions all questions are solved and explained by expert teachers as per ICSE board guidelines.

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ICSE Solutions Selina ICSE Solutions

Selina ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 9 Study of Compounds – Ammonia

Exercise Intext 1

Solution 1.

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-study-compounds-study-compounds-ammonia-ina-1

Solution 2.

The different forms of ammonia:

Gaseous ammonia(dry ammonia gas)
Liquid ammonia
Liquor ammonia fortis
Laboratory bench reagent

Solution 3.

Formula of liquid ammonia is: NH₃.
Liquid ammonia is liquefied ammonia and is basic in nature. It dissolves in water to give ammonium hydroxide which ionizes to give hydroxyl ions.
selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-study-compounds-study-compounds-ammonia-ina-3

Solution 4.

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-study-compounds-study-compounds-ammonia-ina-4

Solution 5.

(a) Lab preparation of ammonia:
2NH₄Cl + Ca(OH)₂ → CaCl₂ +2H₂O +2NH₃(b) The ammonia gas is dried by passing through a drying tower containing lumps of quicklime (CaO).
(c) Ammonia is highly soluble in water and therefore it cannot be collected over water.

Solution 6.

The drying agent used is CaO in case of ammonia.
Other drying agents like P₂O₅ and CaCl₂ are not used. As ammonia being basic reacts with them.
6NH₃ + P₂O₅ + 3H₂O → 2(NH₄)₃PO₄CaCl₂ +4NH₃ → CaCl₂.4NH₃

Solution 7.

The substance A is Ammonium chloride and ‘B’ is Ammonia.
Reaction:
2NH₄Cl + Ca(OH)₂ → CaCl₂ + 2H₂O + 2NH₃

Solution 8.

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-study-compounds-study-compounds-ammonia-ina-8

Solution 9.

(a) Ammonium compounds being highly soluble in water do not occur as minerals.
(b) Ammonium nitrate is not used in the preparation of ammonia as it is explosive in nature and it decomposes forming nitrous oxide and water vapours.
(c) Conc. H₂SO₄ is not used to dry ammonia, as ammonia being basic reacts with them.
2NH₃ + H₂SO₄ → (NH₄)₂SO₄

Solution 10.

Preparation of Aqueous Ammonia: An aqueous solution of ammonia is prepared by dissolving ammonia in water. The rate of dissolution of ammonia in water is very high; therefore, back suction of water is possible. To avoid this, a funnel is attached to the outer end of the delivery tube with rubber tubing.

Procedure: Water is taken in a container and only a small portion of the mouth of funnel is dipped in water.

As ammonia dissolves in water at a higher rate than its production in the flask, the pressure in the funnel above water level decreases for a moment and water rushes into the funnel. As a result, the rim of the funnel loses its contact with water. Since, ammonia produced pushes the water down, the funnel comes in contact with water again. In this way, ammonia dissolves in water without back suction of water.

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-study-compounds-study-compounds-ammonia-ina-10

Exercise 1

Solution 1.

Physical properties of ammonia are:

Color: Colourless
Odour: Strong, Pungent chocking smell
Taste: Slightly bitter (alkaline ) taste
Physiological action: Non-Poisonous
Density: V.D = 8.5 Lighter than air
Nature: Alkaline
Liquefaction: easily liquefied at 10^oC by compressing it at 6 atm. Pressure
Boiling Point: Liquid ammonia boils at -33.5^oC
Freezing Point: Solid NH₃ melts at -77.7^oC
Solubility: Highly soluble in water, 1vol of water dissolves about 702 vols. of ammonia at 20^oC and 1 atm. pressure.
Reaction:
2NH₄Cl + Ca(OH)₂ → CaCl₂ + 2H₂ + 2NH₃

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-study-compounds-study-compounds-ammonia-1

Solution 2.

Ammonia is less dense than air. By Fountain Experiment we demonstrate the high solubility of ammonia gas in water.
Balanced equation for the reaction between ammonia and sulphuric acid is:
2NH₃ + H₂SO₄ → (NH₄)₂SO₄

Solution 3.

(a) Ammonia is basic in nature.
(b) Copper oxide because CuO is less reactive can be reduced by C, CO or by hydrogen whereas Al₂O₃, Na₂O, MgO are reduced by electrolysis.

Solution 4.

(a) The formula of the compound is Mg₃N_2.(b) Balanced equation :
Mg₃N₂ + 6 H₂O → 3Mg(OH)₂ + 2 NH₃(c) Ammonia is a reducing agent and reduces less active metal oxide to its respective metal.

Solution 5.

Reducing property.

Solution 6.

When a piece of moist red litmus paper is placed in a gas jar of ammonia it turns blue.

Solution 7.

(a) The gas is ammonia.
(b) The formula is NH_3.(c) Uses of ammonia:

It is used in the industrial preparation of nitric acid by Ostwald process.
It is used in the manufacture of fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate.
It is used in the manufacture sodium carbonate by Solvay process.
NaCl + NH₃ + CO₂ + H₂O → NaHCO₃ + NH₄Cl

Solution 8.

Equation:
CuSO₄ + 2NH₄OH → Cu(OH)₂↓ + NH₄]₂SO₄pale blue

Ammonia solution in water gives a blue precipitate when it combines with a solution of copper salt.

The pale blue precipitate of copper hydroxide dissolves in excess of ammonium hydroxide forming tetraamine copper[II] sulphate, an azure blue(deep blue)soluble complex salt.
Cu(OH)₂ +(NH₄)₂SO₄ +2NH₄OH → [Cu(NH₃)₄]SO₄ + 4H₂O

Solution 9.

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-study-compounds-study-compounds-ammonia-9

Solution 10.

(a) Liquid ammonia takes a lot of energy to vaporize .This heat is taken from the surrounding bodies which are consequently cooled down. Thus it is used as a refrigerant in ice plant.
(b) Ammonia emulsifies or dissolves fats, grease so it is used to remove grease from woolen clothes.
(c) Aqueous solution of ammonia gives pungent smell because of the presence of ammonia.
(d) Aqueous ammonia when dissolved in water breaks into ions which help in the conductance of electricity.

Solution 11.

(a) AlN + 3H₂O → Al(OH)₃ +NH₃(b) 2NH₃ + 3PbO → 3Pb + 3H₂O + N₂(c) 8NH₃ +3Cl₂→ N₂ + 6NH₄Cl
(d) 2NH₃ + CO₂ → NH₂CONH₂ + H₂O
(i) Ammonia act as reducing agent is explained by equation (c).
(ii) Urea the nitrogenous fertilizer is prepared from equation (d).

Solution 12.

(a) A Dirty green precipitate of Fe(OH)₂ is obtained when ammonium hydroxide is added to ferrous sulphate.
(b) Liquid ammonia is liquefied ammonia.
(c) Finely divided Iron is used in Haber process.
(d) Quicklime is a drying agent for NH₃.
(e) Ammonium salts when heated with caustic alkali.

Solution 13.

(a) Dirty green ppt. of Ferrous hydroxide is formed which is insoluble in excess of NH₄OH.
FeSO₄+ 2NH₄OH → [NH₄]₂SO₄ + Fe(OH)₂

(b) Reddish brown ppt. of ferric hydroxide is formed which is insoluble in ammonium hydroxide.
FeCl₃ + 3NH₄OH → 3NH₄Cl + Fe(OH)₃

(d) White gelatinous ppt. of Zinc hydroxide is formed which is soluble in NH₄OH.
Zn(NO₃)₂ + 2NH₄OH → 2NH₄NO₃ + Zn(OH)₂

Solution 14.

When correct amount of ammonium hydroxide is added drop wise to solutions of the metallic salts, ppts. (coloured generally) are formed. They help us to identify their metal ions.
Two equations:
FeSO₄ +2NH₄OH → (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Fe (OH)₂(Green) (Dirty green)
shows the presence of Fe⁺² ion.
FeCl₃ + 3NH₄OH → 3NH₄Cl + Fe (OH)₃(Brown) (Reddish brown)
shows the presence of Fe⁺³ ion.

Solution 15.

NH₄Cl on strong heating sublimes to form dense white fumes which condense to white powdery mass on cooler parts of the tube whereas no white fumes on heating NaCl.

(b) When ammonium hydroxide is added drop wise to solution to be tested.
Ferrous salt gives dirty green ppt.
Ferric salt gives reddish brown ppt of their hydroxides.

Solution 16.

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-study-compounds-study-compounds-ammonia-16

Solution 17.

(a) In the presence of Platinum at 800^oC, ammonia reacts with oxygen to give nitric oxide and water vapour.
Procedure:
Pass dry ammonia gas and oxygen gas through inlets over heated platinum placed in the combustion tube, which in the heated state emits reddish glow.

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-study-compounds-study-compounds-ammonia-17
Observation:
Reddish brown vapours of nitrogen dioxide are seen in the flask due to the oxidation of nitric oxide.
The platinum continues to glow even after the heating is discontinued since the catalytic oxidation of ammonia is exothermic.

(b) Two reactions to show reducing property of ammonia are:
8NH₃ +3Cl₂→ N₂ + 6NH₄Cl
2NH₃ +3CuO → 3Cu + 3H₂O +N₂

Solution 18.

(i) Neutralization
NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl

(ii) Thermal dissociation
NH₄Cl → NH₃ + HCl

(iii) Ammonia
NH₄Cl + NaOH → NH₃ + NaCl + H₂O

Solution 19.

(a) Ammonia
(b) Hydrogen chloride and chlorine gas.

(d) Acidic gas: HCl
Basic gas: Ammonia
Neutral gas: NH₄Cl

(e) Silver chloride
(f) Nitrogen
(g) Magnesium nitride
(h) Lead oxide
(i) Ammonium chloride

Solution 20.

CuSO₄ + 2NH₄OH → (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Cu(OH)₂ [Pale blue]
The cation present in solution B is Copper (Cu⁺²).
The colour of solution B is Blue.
The pale blue precipitate of copper hydroxide dissolves in excess of ammonium hydroxide forming tetraamine copper[II] sulphate, an azure blue(deep blue) soluble complex salt.
Cu(OH)₂ + (NH₄)₂SO₄ +2NH₄OH → [Cu(NH₃)₄]SO₄ + 4H₂O

Solution 21.

Three ways in which ammonia gas can be identified is:

It has a sharp characteristic odour.
When a glass rod dipped in HCl is brought in contact with the gas white colour fumes of ammonium chloride are formed.
It turns moist red litmus blue, moist turmeric paper brown and phenolphthalein solution pink.

Solution 22.

(a) Mg₃N₂ + 6H₂O 3Mg(OH)₂ + 2NH₃(b) 2NH₃ + 3CuO 3Cu + 3H₂O + N₂Ammonia acts as a reducing agent. It reduces metallic oxide to give metals, water vapour and nitrogen.
(c) 8NH₃ +3Cl₂ N₂ + 6NH₄Cl
(d) 4 NH₃ +5O₂ 6H₂O + 4NO +Heat
Ostwald process starts with the catalytic oxidation of ammonia to manufacture nitric acid in the presence of catalyst platinum.

Solution 23.

As the ‘A’ turns red litmus blue it is a base. Now the gas ‘A’ combines with ‘B’ in presence of Catalyst to give colourless gas Nitrogen monoxide. It reacts with oxygen to give brown gas which is Nitrogen dioxide.
A= NH₃B= O₂C=NO
D=NO₂

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-study-compounds-study-compounds-ammonia-23

Solution 24.

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-study-compounds-study-compounds-ammonia-24

Solution 25.

(a) The main refrigerants used are Freon chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). They deplete ozone layer. The chlorofluorocarbons are decomposed by ultraviolet rays to highly reactive chlorine which is produced in the atomic form. selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-study-compounds-study-compounds-ammonia-25
This causes depletion of ozone layer and chlorine monoxide so formed reacts with atomic oxygen and produces more chlorine free radicals.
ClO + O → Cl + O₂Again this free radical destroys ozone and the process continues thereby giving rise to ozone depletion.
(b) Liquid ammonia can be used as a refrigerant, as an alternative for chlorofluorocarbons.
(c) Advantages of ammonia as refrigerant:

Ammonia is environmentally compatible. It does not deplete ozone layer and does not contribute towards global warming.
It has superior thermodynamic qualities as a result ammonia refrigeration systems use less electricity.

Ammonia has a recognizable odour and so leaks are not likely to escape.

Solution 26.

Disadvantages of ammonia as a refrigerant are as follows:

It is not compatible with copper, so it cannot be used in any system with copper pipes.
It is poisonous in high concentration although it is easily detectable due to its peculiar smell and since it is less dense than air it goes up in the atmosphere not affecting the life too much on earth.

Solution 27.

(a) Explosive: ammonium nitrate
(b) Medicine: ammonium carbonate
(c) Fertilizers: ammonium sulphate
(d) Laboratory reagent: ammonia solution

Solution 28.

(a) Dry air free from carbon dioxide and dry ammonia from Habers process.
(b) The catalyst used in the process is Platinum.
(c) The oxidizing agent used in the process is oxygen.
(d) Ratio of ammonia and air is 1:10.
(e) Quartz is acid resistant and when packed in layers help in dissolving nitrogen dioxide uniformly in water.

Solution 29.

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-study-compounds-study-compounds-ammonia-29

Solution 30.

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-study-compounds-study-compounds-ammonia-30

Solution 1 (2003).

(a) Mg₃N₂ +6H₂O → 3Mg(OH)₂ + 2NH₃(b) Ammonia gas is collected in inverted gas jars by the downward displacement of air.
(c) Ammonia is not collected over water because it is highly soluble in water.
(d) Quicklime is used as a drying agent for ammonia.

Solution 1 (2004).

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-study-compounds-study-compounds-ammonia-1-2004

Solution 1 (2005).

(a) It is the basic nature of ammonia molecule.
(b) Hydroxyl ion (NH₃+ H₂O → NH₄⁺ + OH^–)
(c) The red litmus paper turns blue in the solution.

Solution 1 (2006).

Pb(NO₃)₂+ NH₄OH →2NH₄NO₃+Pb(OH)₂The chalky white ppt. of lead hydroxide is formed.

Solution 1 (2007).

(a) HCl gas is more dense [V.D.=18.25,V.D. of ammonia =8.5] and it is collected by the upward displacement of air.
(b) NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl

Solution 2 (2005).

selina-icse-solutions-class-10-chemistry-study-compounds-study-compounds-ammonia-2-2005

Solution 2 (2007).

Balanced equation:

(a) 2NH₃ + 3CuO → 3Cu + 3H₂O + N₂(b) 2NH₃ + 3Cl₂ → N₂ + 6HCl

Solution 2 (2008).

Magnesium Nitride

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